General Agriculture For Competitive Exams Like IBPS AFO,NABARD,RRB SO,UPSC

In the post General Agriculture For Competitive Exams we have added all important topics like Minimum Support Prices (MSP) for 2021-22 Season,Chairman’s/Heads/Presidents of different Institutes, List of Important Cabinet Ministers,India’s Rank in Different Indices- 2020-21, Per capita Availability of Food grains-2019-20,Chairman’s/Heads/Presidents of different Institutes & many other important points for the competitive exams.

In The End Of This Important Post General Agriculture For Competitive Exams You Will Get Downloading Link Of PDF

Agriculture Current Affairs 2021 For Competitive Exams

Minimum Support Prices (MSP) for 2021-22 Season

Kharif Crops
Commodity	Grade	MSP (Rs./Quintal)
**Paddy	Common	1940
	Grade A	1960
Jowar	Hybrid	2738
	Maldandi	2758
Bajra		2250
Ragi		3377
Maize		1870
**Redgram/ Tur (Arhar)		6300
Moong/Green gram		7275
Urad/Black gram		6300
Groundnut-in-shell		5550
Soyabean		3950
Sunflower Seed		6015
Niger seed		6930
Sesamum		7307
***Cotton	Medium    Staple length (mm) 24.5- 25.5	5726
	Long staple length (mm) 29.5- 30.5	6025

 

MSP of Rabi crops for marketing season 2021-22
Commodity	MSP (Rs./Quintal)
**Wheat	1975
Gram/Bengal gram/Chana	5100
Rape seed/Mustard	4650
Safflower	5327
Barley	1600
Lentil (Masur)	5100

(Govt. of India provided 50% return over cost of production)

• **MSP for Fair Average Quality (FAQ) of Milling Copra – 10,335 per quintal
• **MSP for Fair Average Quality (FAQ) Raw/Ball Copra – 10,600 per quintal
• MSP for Jute- 4500 per quintal
• MSP of Dehusked coconut- 2700/q
• Cotton: –Medium Staple length (mm) of 5-25.5 and micronaire value of 4.3-5.1

– Long Staple length (mm) of 29.5-30.5 and micronaire value of 3.5-4.3

• Sugarcane prices are based on a basic recovery rate of 10 percent

• The mandated crops are 14 crops of the Kharif season paddy, jowar, bajra, maize, ragi, arhar, moong, urad, groundnut-in-shell, soyabean, sunflower, sesamum, nigerseed and cotton;
• 6 Rabi crops wheat, barley, gram, masur (lentil), rapeseed/mustard and safflower and two other commercial crops viz. jute and copra
• Pricing policy for sugarcane is known as- FRP (Fair and remunerative price)
• The Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) for Sugar Cane is declared by Department of Food and Public Distribution
• The Fair and Remunerative Price of Sugar cane for 2020-21 season was 285 per Quintal
• Maximum Retail Price (MRP) fixed by Government of India for Bt-cotton hybrid seed is 767 per 450 gms packet plus 120 gms refugia.
• MSP of TORIA & DEHUSKED COCONUT (which are not included) derived from the MSP of Mustard and Copra respectively

Chairman’s/Heads/Presidents of different Institutes

Institute	Year of establishment	Chairman /Head/president	Headquarter
ICAR	16th July,1929	President –Narendra Singh Tomar	New Delhi
		DG   – Trilochan Mahopatra
NITI Ayog	1 Jan, 2015	Chairperson-Narendra Modi	New Delhi
		Vice ChairpersonRajiv Kumar
		CEO- Amitabh kanth
ASRB	1 Nov, 1973	Aditya Kumar Misra	New Delhi
Doubling of Farmer Income	2016	Ashok Dalwai	New Delhi
NABARD	12th July 1982	C. Govinda Rajulu	Mumbai
**ASCI (Agriculture Skill Council of India)	2015	Sanjeev Asthana	Gurugram, Haryana
FCI	1965	Atish Chandra	New Delhi
APEDA	1986	Dr. M. Angamuthu	New Delhi
***CACP	1965	Vijay Paul Sharma	New Delhi
United Nations	1945,	Antonio Guterres	Newyork
ICRISAT	1972	Dr. Jacqueline Hughes	Hyderabad
PPV&FR	2001	Dr.K.V.Prabhu	New Delhi
MANAGE	1986	Dr.P.Chandra Shekara	Hyderabad
FAO	Oct 24, 1945	Qu Dongyu	Rome, Italy
*NAFED	Oct 2,1958	Chairman- Bijender Singh	New Delhi
		MD- Sanjeev Kumar Chadha
FSSAI	2011	Ms Rita Teaotia	New Delhi
FICCI	1927	Uday Shankar	New Delhi
Cotton Corporation India (CCI)	2003	Pradeep Kumar Agarwal	New Delhi
NDDB	1965	Varsha Joshi	Anand, Gujarat
RBI	1 April, 1935	Shaktikanta Das	Mumbai
IARI	1905	AK Singh	New Delhi
World bank	1945	David Malpass	Washington
IFFCO	1967	Balvinder Singh Nakai MD –U.S. Awasthi	New Delhi
GST council	2015	Nirmala Sithraman	New Delhi
IMF	1945	Kristalina Georgieva	Washington
FSSAI	2011	Ashish Bahuguna	New Delhi
IRRI	1960	Dr. Jean Balié	Los Banos, Philippines
IRRI South Asia Regional Center- IRRI SARC & CERVA	Dec, 2018	Dr. Arvind Kumar	Varanasi
Competition Commission of India	14 Oct, 2003	Ashok Kumar Gupta	New Delhi

Note:

***APEDA- Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority

FICCI- Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry

NAFED- National Agricultural Marketing Cooperative Federation

FSSAI- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India

CERVA- Centre of Excellence in Rice Value Addition

PPV&FR- Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Right

 List of Important Cabinet Ministers:

Minister of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare,	Shri Narendra Singh Tomar
Ministry of Rural Development,
Ministry of Panchayati Raj
Minister of Food Processing Industries
Minister of  Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries	Shri Giriraj Singh
Minister of Jal Shakti	Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat
Minister of Environment & Forest, Climate Change	Shri Parkash Jawedkar
Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers	Shri D.V. Sadananda Gowda
Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution	Shri Piyush Goyal

Ministry of Jal Shakti: Formed in May, 2019

• This was formed by merging of two ministries:
• Ministry of Water Resources, River Development
• Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation
• Campaign launched by Government of India for Water conservation and Water security with an emphasis on 1592 water stressed blocks in 256 districts is Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA)
• Jan Andolan for Water conservation- Jal Shakti Abhiyan
• Jal Shakti Abhiyan launched on 1 July, 2019. (First Phase of JSA- 1^st July, 2019 to 15^th September, 2019; Second Phase of JSA- 1st October, 2019 to 30th November, 2019
• Goa is the first state to provide 100% tap water connections in rural areas / First ‘Har Ghar Jal’ state in the country as it successfully provides 100 per cent Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTCs) in the rural areas.

 Percapita Availability of Food grains-2019-20:

Food grain	PCA of food grains (g per day) (2019)	PCA of Food grains (kg per year (2019)	PCA of Food grains 2020
			g/day	kg per year
Fruits	201.50	—	—	—
Vegetables	400	—	—	—
*Milk	407	—	—	—
*Eggs	—	86/annum	—	—
Fish	—	10.56	—	—
*Pulses	47.3	17.2	17.5	47.9
Rice	192.1	70.1	201.2	73.4
Wheat	171.1	64.6	177.7	64.8
Other cereals	47.3	17.2	78.2	28.6
Total food grains	494.7	180.5	512.5	187.1

Source: Economic Survey 2020-21.

India’s Rank in Different Indices- 2020-21

Index	Rank
Human Development Index	131 (First rank-Norway)
Global Innovation Index (Switzerland-First rank)	48
Global Hunger Index	94
Gender Gap Index	112 (Iceland- First rank)
Gender Equality Index	108 (out of 149)
Global entrepreneur Index	68
Environmental Performance Index	178
Ease of Doing Business (EoDB)	63 (New Zealand- First Rank)

Genetically Modified crops/Transgenic crops/Biotech crops:

• The total area in world under GM crops is 4Mha in 29 countries (planted by 17 million farmers)
• Area under transgenic plants in India (2019) 37 Mha
• India’s rank in Cultivation of GM crops is 5th
• Bt-Cotton is the only GM crop Cultivated in India with an area of 37 Mha
• The country with highest area under GM crops USA (71.5 Mha)
• Leading countries in transgenic crops are USA >Brazil > Argentina>Canada> India (5th)
• The crops with highest area under GM crops in world are Soyabean (91.9 mha > Maize (60.9 mha) > Cotton (25.7 mha)> Canola (10.1 mha)
• Apex body/Regulatory/Statutory body for approval of proposals relating to release of GM crops in India is Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC), 1989
• GEAC works under Ministry of Environment and Forest
• The first commercially grown genetically engineered food is Flavr Savr,
• The first cultivated GM crop in the world is Soyabean
• The first country to approve GM Wheat crop tolerant to drought and ammonium glufosinate herbicide is

Note: The GM wheat variety HB4 was developed by biotechnology companies Bioceres (Argentina) and Florimond Desprez (France) in Oct 2020.

Public Distribution System (PDS):

• Central government has decided to distribute millets such as “Jowar and Bajra through Public distribution system to improve nutrition security of the
• Total number of Beneficiaries in India under PDS system are 81 crore
• Major commodities distributed in PDS system are Rice (Rs.3/kg), Wheat (Rs.2/Kg) & coarse cereals (Rs.1/kg)
• The Revamped Public Distribution System (RPDS) was launched in- 1992
• The Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) was introduced with effect from- June 1997
• The total storage capacity available with Food Corporation of India (FCI) and the State Agencies (both owned and hired capacity) is- 19 LMT (Lakh Metric Tonnes)
• Normal storage capacity is- 59 LMT (wheat and rice).
• Fortification of Rice & its Distribution under Public Distribution System: 2019-20
  • Objective: To address the issue of anaemia and micro-nutrient deficiency and to promote nutrition security in the country
  • Time Period: 3 Yrs
  • Fund share between Center and State is: 90:10 (NE States) & 75: 25 in other states
• Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PM-GKAY)
  • Launched as part of Atma Nirbhar Bharat
  • Objective: to supply free food grains to migrants and poor.
  • More than 80 crore people covered under NFSA-2013 will be provided 5 kg free wheat/rice per person/ month along with 1kg free Bengal gram (Chana) to each family per month in addition to the 5 kg of subsidized food

Other Miscellaneous points:

• Agricultural Extension density in India:

Ratio of Agricultural Extension Officer to Farmers in Hilly areas	1: 400
Ratio of Agricultural Extension Officer to Farmers in Irrigated areas	1: 750
Ratio of Agricultural Extension Officer to Farmers in Rainfed areas	1: 1000

 

• Monthly Radio programme hosted by P.M. of India is Mann ki Baat (Started on 3, 2014)
• Highest Gross Sown Area- P.> M.P.> MH
• Highest Net Sown Area is in MH & M.P
• Barren and uncultivated land highest is in
• Rajasthan is largest state in terms of geographical area.
• *Government of India Formulated – “7-point strategy for Doubling of Farmers Income by 2022”
• Cluster bean becomes the first agricultural product to enter commodities market.
• The National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX) has launched India’s first agri index for easy reference to price variations in agricultural commodities on- “Agridex” on 13 Nov, 2019
• Punjab is the first Indian state to launch Digi-locker Facility for farmers.
• Country’s first forest healing centre was opened to the public at Kalika, Near Ranikhet, Uttarakhand
• India’s first moss garden has been set up in Lingadhar village, Khurpatal area of Nainital district for conservation of Bryophytes and moss species.
• Ministry of HRD launched YUKTI Web Portal (Young India Combating Covid with Knowledge, Technology and Innovation) and Dash board to monitor and record the efforts and initiatives of ministry of HRD on 13^th April, 2020.
• Rajnath Singh chairs the 7-member Group of Ministers that reviews the crop insurance scheme ‘Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana’.
• Bamboo Drip Irrigation system– A system of water conservation is practiced in the state of
• Agriculture contributes at least 10% -14% of GHG emissions (Highest by energy sector-72%).

Top three GHG emitting countries are– China (27%) > USA (15%) > EU (10%)> India (6.6%)

• The Contribution of agriculture to GDP (2019-20)- 17.8%
• The Sector that contributes highest to GDP is Service sector (54.77%) followed by Industrial sector (27.48%)
• India’s first indigenous temperature data logger (-40 to +80) for cold chain management ‘AmbiTAG’ developed by AWADH (Agriculture and Water Technology Development Hub) of IIT Ropar and Scratch Nest .

 Agricultural Exports and Imports:

• Share of Agriculture exports in the total exports of the country is 26% (fourth largest commodity in terms of exports)
• Share of Agriculture imports in the total imports of the country is 09%
• India’s largest exported agricultural commodity in terms of its value is Basmati Rice (Rs.32,804 cr)
• Highest exported: Cereals (basmati rice & Non-basmati rice) >Marine Products>Buffalo meat
• Highest imported: Vegetable oils and Fresh fruits
• Share of India’s Agriculture exports in the World – 5%
• Share of India’s Agriculture Imports in the World – 5%
• India’s total agricultural exports accounts for 52 Lakh crore
• India’s total agricultural imports accounts for 47 Lakh crore
• India’s top Agricultural Export commodities in terms of value for 2019-20 are Marine Products (Rs. 44, 691 cr) >Basmati Rice (Rs. 27, 428 cr)> Spices (Rs. 23, 562) > Buffalo Meat (Rs. 21, 260 cr)> Non-Basmati Rice (Rs. 13,030 cr)
• India’s top Agricultural Export commodities in terms of value for 2020-21 are Marine Products (Rs. 40, 141 cr) > Non-Basmati Rice (Rs. 30, 276 cr)>Basmati Rice (Rs. 26, 850 cr) > Spices (Rs. 26, 257 cr) > Buffalo Meat (Rs. 21, 336 cr)
• **India’s top Agricultural Imports in terms of value are-Vegetable Oils (Rs.74, 286 cr) > Fresh Fruits (Rs.14, 514 cr) > Pulses (Rs.11, 375 cr)> Spices (Rs.7, 290 cr)
• India Exports Principal Agricultural commodities in 2019-20 to the country- Iran
• India Exports Principal Agricultural commodities in 2020-21 to the country- Bangladesh
• India Imports Principal Agricultural Commodities from the country- USA
• India’s position in global export of agricultural, fishery, and forestry products is- 14th
• A Portal for bridging the gap between FPO/FPC/Cooperatives with exporters is Farmer Connect portal (FPO/FPC can sell directly their Agri products to Exporters).

Farmer connect portal developed by APEDA on 20 May, 2020

• NABARD and Mahratta Chamber of Commerce Industries and Agriculture (MCCIA) set up India’s First Agriculture Export Facilitation Center (AEFC) at Pune

AEFC will provide the capacity building for Agri-food exports.

• An apex body that promotes export trade of agricultural and processed food products in India are APEDA (Estd.1986), functioning under Ministry of Commerce and
• Online trading portal developed by APEDA, UNCTAD and Ministry of Agriculture for providing regular statistical updates is Agri Exchange.
• Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCIS) (HQ-Kolkata) is the premier organization of Government of India for collection, compilation and dissemination of India’s trade statistics and commercial information.

National Food Security Mission (NFSM)-2007

• National Food security Mission (NFSM) launched in the year- 2007. The main objective is to increase production of Rice by 10 MT, Wheat by 8 MT and Pulses by 2 MT by the end of 11 FYP.
• Revised Target of NFSM during 12 FYP is to increase food grain production by 25 MT e., 10 Mt of Rice, 8Mt of Wheat, 4Mt of Pulses, 3Mt of Coarse cereals.
• NFSM at present covers 7 crops e., Rice, Wheat, Pulses, Coarse Cereals, Sugarcane, Cotton, Jute.

New Initiatives in NFSM: from 2018 onwards focusing on Nutri-cereals, Oilseeds and Oil palm

• New ‘National Mission on Edible Oil’ implemented from- 2018-19
• To Increase production of Oilseeds from 88 mt to 47.80 million tonnes by 2024-25
• Increase the production of edible oils from primary and secondary sources from 50 mt to 18 mt by 2024-25 that reduce imports on edible oil from 60 to 45%.
• Oil seed production- 22 million tonnes (2019-20) & Productivity is 1295 Kg/ha
• Central government formulated ‘Seed Minikit Programme’ on June 2021 to bring an additional area of 37 lakh ha under oil seeds & 24.36 lakh quintals edible oils. (Soyabean and Groundnut.)
• Target area and production of Mustard set up by Government of India 2025-26 is – 17 million tonnes in 9 million ha (Mission Mustard)

National Food security Act/bill- 2013

• National Food Security Act/bill passed in the year- July, 2013
• As per Food Security Ordinance (2013) or Food security bill, food grain’s planned to distribute among household is/are – Rice, wheat and coarse grains
• Amount of rice, wheat and coarse grain decided to distributed per households under Food Security Ordinance (2013) – Rs. 3:2:1 kg per
• Under Food Security Ordinance (2013) – amount of food grain decided to distributed per household per month is 5 kg & amount of food grain distributed per family living BPL is 35 Kg

NITI Ayog: 2015 (policy think tank of GOI):

• Acronym for NITI Ayog – National Institution for Transforming India
• Policy making body of of India – NITI Ayog
• NITI Ayog formed in the year – Jan 1, 2015
• First CEO of NITI Ayog – Sindhu Sree Kullar
• Present CEO of NITI Ayog – Amitabh Kanth
• Governing council of NITI Ayog consists of Chief ministers of all states
• Chairman of NITI Ayog – Prime Minister
• NITI Ayog vice chairman – Rajiv Kumar
• Full time members of NITI Ayog – Bibek Debroy and K. Saraswat
• Agricultural economist of NITI Ayog – Ramesh Chand
• “NITI Aayog developed Agricultural Marketing and Farmer Friendly Reforms Index for comparing states on implementation of farm sector Ranks: Maharashtra (1^st), Gujarat (2^nd), Rajasthan (3^rd).

GST: Goods & Service Tax:

• Goods and Service Tax is an Indirect tax
• The genesis of the introduction of GST in the country was laid down in the historic Budget Speech of 28th February 2006
• Amendment bill – 122
• Amendment Act – 101
• GST Council Headquarter – New Delhi
• GST Recommended by – Vijay Kelkar Committee
• 1^st state to ratify the GST bill – Assam
• Zero GST for Food grains
• GST threshold limit for Normal states – 20 lakhs
• GST threshold limit for NE states – 10 lakhs
• 1^st state to pass GST bill – Telangana
• GST came into effect in India from – 1 July, 2017
• Highest tax contribution to Indian economy is from – GST> Corporate tax> Income tax
• GST council is the governing body of
• GST Council Chairman – Finance Minister (Smt. Nirmala Seetharaman)
• GST Council formation is based on ARTICLE- 279A.
• GST was first introduced by France, 1954
• GST implemented in India through 4 tier structures (5%, 12%, 18%, 28%)
• 28% GST is for Luxury goods
• GSTN – Goods & Service Tax Network.

GST on Agriculture Products

Commodities	GST Rate
Fresh vegetables, Fresh/Pasteurized Milk, Egg, Unpacked Food grains, Unbranded Natural Honey, frozen vegetables, Preserved vegetables	0%
Packed Organic & Bio Fertilizer, Fertilizers, Milk powder, Edible oils, Spices, Tea, Coffee, Dry flower, plants and roots, fruits and nuts, Natural rubber, Cashew nuts and raisin.	5%
Almonds, Walnuts, Fruit and vegetable juices, Preparations of Fruits and Vegetables, packed coconut water, Drip irrigation systems including laterals, sprinklers.	12%
Pesticides, Tractor wheel, Tractor parts, Plastic pipes, Ice creams, Corn flakes, PVC Pipes	18%
Luxury items, cigarettes and aerated drinks	28%

 ICT Initiatives in Agriculture:

Name of the App/ Portal	Developer	Purpose
KVK Mobile App	ICAR- IASRI, New Delhi	To    Get    details    of     information about KVK and facilities provided by KVK.
ICAR technologies	ICAR	Consists    of   proven technologies generated by ICAR institutions. An easy   way   to   locate   appropriate technologies based on major resource, commodity and technology group.
Pusa Krishi (2016)	ICAR-IARI	To help the farmers to find easy solutions to problems in their farm fields and get information about weather.
Kisan Sarathi	ICAR and IIDS of Digital India Corporation	·   System of Agri Information Resource Auto-Transmission and Technology Hub Interface of ICAR ·   To provide tele Agro advisory services to farmers
KISAAN (Krishi Integrated Solution  for Agri Apps Navigation).	ICAR- Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture (DKMA)	App that integrates more than 100 agriculture related apps of ICAR institutes.
Jaf Safe	ICAR-CRIJAF Barrackpore	Jute  and  allied  fiber  crops Pest Management.
Arka Vyapar	IIHR, Bangalore	To connect farmers with traders for best available prices.
Livestock Disease Forewarning	ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Bangalore.	To provide information related to early warning and about clinical samples for the diagnosis in case of epidemic.
e-Gopala	Department                       of Animal Husbandry Dairying & Fisheries	For comprehensive breed improvement market place and information portal for direct use of livestock farmers
Kisan Sabha	CSIR-CRRI	To connect farmers to Supply chain
UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-Age Governance)	Digital India, Min. of ICT	To facilitate a single point of access to all government services.
Uber for Tractor	Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare	·    To hire Farm equipment on rental basis ·    To efficiently connect farmers with Custom Hiring Centers (CHCs) just like

 

		Uber connects passengers to cabs.
Kisan Rath	Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare	To facilitate the farmers and traders across the country for transportation of agri- produce by connecting them with the transporters.
CHC Farm Machinery App	Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare	Multi lingual Mobile App that will allow farmers to avail custom hiring services of CHCs located at a radius of 50 KM.
National Mobile Monitoring Software App (NMMS)	Ministry of Rural Development	For taking real time attendance of workers at MNREGA worksites and area officer.
Krishi Kisan App	Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare	Geo Tagging of Agricultural assets To provide farmers the information of best demonstration of high yielding crops and seeds in their nearby area. (24 Sep 2019)
PM Kisan App (Feb 2020)	Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare	To increase the outreach of PM KISAN Scheme
Kisan Suvidha (March, 2016)	Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare	To provide information on subjects such as weather, Market prices, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, Input dealers and agriculture machinery.
Plantix	PEAT GmBH in collaboration with ICRISAT, CIMMYT & CABI.	Image based Plant diagnostic app
mHariyali	Ministry of Jal Shakti	For cleaning & greening of open space through plantation, rain water harvesting- awareness & construction
Drishti (2015)	NRSC (National Remote Sensing Centre)	For field data collection
Hortinet	APEDA	To facilitate farmers testing, registration and certification of Fruits & vegetables
Farmer Connect   portal	APEDA	·  For bridging the gap between FPO/FPC/Cooperatives withexporters. ·  FPO/FPC can sell directly their Agri products to Exporters
Jaivik Kheti Portal	Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare	For marketing of Organic produce
Crop Insurance	Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare	Used to calculate the insurance premium for notified crops based on area, coverage.
Agri Market	Agmarknet	To get the market price of crops in the markets within 50 Kms of device location.
Agri Invest (2021)	Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare	Dedicated Investor facilitator cell of Minister of Agriculture.

 

		One stop solution to all investors in Agriculture
Farmers Portal (July, 2013)	Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare	One stop shop for meeting all informational needs relating to Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries sectors production, sale/storage of an Indian farmer.
mKisan (July, 2013)	Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare	Enables all Central and State government organizations in agriculture and allied sectors to give information / services / advisories to farmers by SMS in their language, preference of agricultural practices and location.
Weather Related Apps
*Meghdoot	Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) & Indian Council for Agriculture Research (ICAR)		‘Vernacular Agro Met advisory App’ based on weather forecast to farmers. (Aug, 2019).
Mausam	IMD, IITM (Pune), ICRISAT and DAY (Digital Agriculture and Youth)		To provide location specific weather forecast & warning for general public
Damini	IITM-Pune and ESSO		Lightening Alerts and protection against lightening
Gemini	ISRO and INCOIS		Disaster Warning device launched by government to protect fishermen of any danger. Gemini is a portable device linked to ISRO satellites that is ‘hail proof’

Important International Years:

2004	International year of rice
2005	International year of micro credit
2006-	International year of desert and desertification
2007	International year of water (theme-more crop per drop)
2008	International year of potato
2009	-International year of fiber
2010	International year of Biodiversity
2011	International Year of Forests and International Year of Youth
2012	International     Year                  of                      Cooperatives            and                      International           Year                      of Sustainable Energy for All
2013-	International Year of Water Cooperation
2014	International year of Family farming & Farmer Producer organizations
2015	International Year of Soil
2016	International Year of pulses
2017	International Year of sustainable tourism for development
2019	International Year of Indigenous Languages

 

2020	International Year of Plant Health
2021	International Year of Fruits & Vegetables
2022	International year of artisanal fisheries and aquaculture
2023	International Year of Millets

 

NATIONAL BUREAUS- 06

NBAGR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources	Karnal, Haryana
NBAII – National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects	Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka
NBAIMO- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Micro-Organisms	Mau Nath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh
NBFGR-               National                Bureau of         Fish                Genetic Resources	Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
NBPGR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources	New Delhi
NBSS & LUP- National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land-Use Planning	Nagpur, Maharashtra

Deemed Universities- 04

IARI – Indian Agricultural Research Institute	New Delhi
NDRI – National Dairy Research Institute	Karnal, Haryana
IVRI – Indian Veterinary Research Institute	Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh
CIFE – Central Institute on Fisheries Education	Mumbai, Maharashtra

 

Project/Mission	Initiated in
AICRP on Maize	1957
National Agricultural Research Project (NARP)	1979
National Agriculture Extension Project (NAEP)	1983
Technology Mission on Oil Seeds	1986
National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP)	1998
National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP)	July, 2006
National Horticultural Mission (NHM)	2005-06
Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH)	2014-15
National Food Security Mission (NFSM)	2007
National Agricultural Higher Education Project (NAHEP)	Oct, 2017
National Food Security Act or Ordinance	July, 2013
National                   Innovations                on               Climate                Resilient   Agriculture (NICRA)	Feb 2011
Agricultural Management Agency	2005
AICRP on Maize	1957

Important Days in Agriculture and Allied Sectors:

Important Days in Agriculture & Allied Sciences for JRF & SRF
2 February	World Wet land day/ Ramser’s day
10 February	World Pulses Day
13 February	World Radio Day (for Social Sciences)
19 February	Soil Health Card Day
3 March	World wild life day
8 March	International women’s day
11 March	Water resource day
15 March	World consumer day
21 March	World forest day
22 March	World Water day
23 March	World Meteorological day
7 April	World Health day
16 April	Mushrooms Day
22 April	World Earth day
26 April	World intellectual property day
Last Saturday of April	World Veterinary day
2 May	World tuna day
8 May	National Agroforestry Day
11 May	National Technology day
20 May	World Honey day
16 May	World Agri-Tourism Day
21 May	World Tea Day
22 May	International Day for Biological Diversity
31 May	World Anti- Tobacco day
1 June	World Milk day
7 June	World Food safety Day

 

5 June	World Environment day
10 July	National Fish Husbandry day
11 July	World Population day
16 July	ICAR day
8 Sep	World Literacy day
September (1st to 7th )	National Nutrition week
16 Sep	World Ozone day
18 Sep	World Bamboo Day
1 Oct	World Habitat day/Vegetarian day
1 Oct	World Coffee Day
2 Oct	National Women Literacy day
4 Oct	World Animal Welfare day
11 Oct	International day of Girl Child
13 Oct	World Egg Day/ UN International day for Natural Disaster Reduction
15 Oct	Mahila Kisan Diwas (Women in Agriculture Day) / International Day of Rural Women
16 Oct	World Food Day
24 Oct	UN day
16 Nov	National Press Day
21 Nov	World Fisheries day
26 Nov	National Milk Day
3 Dec	National Agriculture Education Day (Babu Rajendra Prasad birthday)
5 Dec	World Soil Day
10 Dec	Human Right’s Day
14 Dec	National Energy conservation day
23 Dec Ch. Charan Singh birthday	Farmer’s day (Kisan Diwas) Farmer’s awareness week (Dec 23-29)

Five Year Plans (Concept taken from Russia):

 

FYP	Priority Area
I FYP (1951-56) Harrod-Domar model	Famous called as “Harrod Domar” model, priority to agriculture and allied sectors
II FYP (1956-61) Mahalanobis Model	Famously called as Mahalanobis Model, Priority to Industry or manufacturing sector

 

III FYP (1961-66)	Agriculture registered Negative Growth rate, priority to achieve Self-sufficiency in food grain production and to stop import of food grains from USA
IV FYP (1969-74)	Growth and Justice
V FYP (1974-79)	Removal of poverty and self-reliance
VI FYP (1980-85) Rolling plan	Family planning
VII FYP (1985-90)	Food Production, Employment, Productivity
VIII FYP (1992-97) Indicative planning	Known as “Indicative planning”, Employment Generation, Control of Population and Economic reforms
IX FYP (1997-2002)	Growth Rate of 7 percent
XFYP (2002-2007)	Self-employment and resources and development
XI FYP (2007-2012)	Improvement of Health, Education and Sanitation.
XII FYP (2012-17)	Faster, Sustainable & more inclusive growth.

International Agricultural Institutions:

CATIE (Tropical   Agricultural   Research   and   Higher   Education Centre)	Turrialbas, Cartago Costa Rica
CIAT   (International Center for Agricultural Research)	Cali, Columbia
CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center)	Mexico City, Mexico
CIP (International Potato Center)	Lima, Peru
IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute)	Washington D.C. United States
ICRAF   (World Agro forestry Centre formerly International Center for Agro Forestry	Nairobi, Kenya
**ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute)	Nairobi, Kenya
IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture)	Ibadan, Nigeria
CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research)	Bogor Barat, Indonesia
ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics).	Patanchcheru, Hyderabad, India
IRRI (International Rice Research Institute)	Los Banos, Philippines
IWMI (International Water management Institute)	Colombo, Sri Lanka
Biodiversity International.	Rome, Italy
CGIAR (‘Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research)	Montpellier –France

 

ICARDA- (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas)	Beirut, Syria
WARDA- (West African Rice Development Association)	Costa rica
ISNAR – (International Service for National Agricultural Research	Netherlands, Hague
International Agronomical research Center	Montpellier, France
World Fish Center	Penang, Malaysia
International Water Management Institute (IWMI)	Colombo, Srilanka
Food and Agriculture organization (FAO)	Rome
Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre (AVRDC)	Taiwan
International Centre for Foot and Mouth Disease- (ICFMD)	Arugal, Odisha, India
Asia Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institute (APAARI)	Thailand
**International Horticulture Innovation and Training Center	Jaipur, Rajasthan
World Meteorological Organization	Geneva, Switzerland
IPGRI-International Plant Genetic Resources Institute	Rome, Italy
International Rice Research Institute	Manila, Philippines

International Agricultural Organizations:

1. CGIAR:
   • Known as “Partnership of funders and international agricultural research centers”
   • Objectives: To reduce poverty and hunger, improve human health and nutrition, and enhance ecosystem resilience through high-quality international agricultural research, partnership and
   • Total number of CGIAR institutions- 15
   • Funding: from various institutes and countries FAO, UNDP, Ford foundation, World Bank, IFAD, Asian development bank, African development bank,
2. Food and Agriculture organization (FAO) – Rome

• Parental organization: UN Social and economic council
• Funding: Multilateral institutions such as the World Bank, regional development banks and international funds as well as FAO

3. Center for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI)

• Headquarters: Wallingford, United Kingdom
• Founded 1910
• Objective: Not-for-profit inter-governmental development and information Organization focusing primarily on agricultural and environmental issues in the developing world, and the creation, curation and dissemination of scientific knowledge.

4. The International Solar Alliance: 2015, Initiated by
   • Members : 121 countries
   • Head quarter: Gurugram
   • Founded at: Paris, France
   • Director General: Ajay Mathu
   • Objective: a treaty based inter-governmental organization working to create a global market system to tap the benefits of solar power and promote clean energy applications.

General Agriculture For Competitive Exams

Other Organizations:

• BRICS- Brazil Russia India China South Africa (05)
• Term coined by Jim O Neill
• Founded in – 2009
• Headquarters of BRICS development bank- Shanghai
• BRICS headquarters- Shanghai
• 9th BRICS summit (recent) happened at- Xiamen, China
• Chairman of BRICS development bank: KV Kamath
• SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, 1985
• 0Headquarter: Kathmandu, Nepal
• Founder Members: 6
• Present Members: 8                        (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka)
• 20th SAARC summit will be held in- Srilanka, 2018
• SAARC secretary general- Arjun Bahadur Thapa
• SAARC Agriculture Centre located at- Dhaka, Bangladesh
• OPEC: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
• Headquarter: Vienna
• Member countries: 14
• BIMSTEC: Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Srilanka, Thailand & Myanmar
• Founded: 1997
• Headquarter: Dhaka, Bangladesh
• Member countries: 07
• Purpose: Platform for inter-regional cooperation between South and South East
• 17th BIMSTEC Ministerial Meeting chaired by- Srilanka (April 2021)
• G4 nations– Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan
  • Found in: 2005
  • Headquarters: United Nations
  • Purpose: Support each other’s bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security
• World Trade Organization: (India is Founder Member country)
  • Founded: 1 Jan, 1995
  • Headquarter: Geneva, Switzerland
  • Member countries: 193
  • Director General: Robert Azevedo
• Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN):
  • Established in: 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand
  • Member countries: 10 (Founders: Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand & Philippines)
  • India is not a member country of ASEAN
  • 36th ASEAN summit virtually chaired by- Vietnam

Organization	Number of Member Countries	Year of Establishment
WTO	164	01.01.1995
UNO	193	24.10.1945
IMF	189	27.12.1945
SAARC	08	1985
BRICS	05	2009

 

Some Important Policies/Commissions on Agriculture
*NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY	2000
*National Commission on Farmers (NCF) (Chairman: MS Swaminathan)	2004
**National Commission on Agriculture (Chairman: MS Randhwa)	Initiated in 1970 Submitted its report: 1976
*National Agricultural Development Programme	2007
*National Policy for Farmers	2007

Revolutions related to agriculture:

Revolutions in Farming	Associated Crop	Associated Person/Father
Green Revolution	Over all crop Production	Norman Borlaug- World MS Swaminathan- India
White Revolution	Milk Production	Verghese Kurien
Black Revolution	Petroleum                    Production/crude oil production	Hiralal Chaudhary & Arun Krishnan
Brown Revolution	Leather/Cocoa Production /non-conventional
Golden Fibre Revolution	Jute Production
Golden Revolution	Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production	Dr.K.L.Chadda
Grey Revolution	Fertilizer	—
Brown Revolution	Leather/Cocoa production	—
Yellow Revolution	Oil Seeds	Sam Pitroda
Round Revolution	Potato
Red Revolution	Meat & Tomato Production	Dr. Vishal Tewari
Pink Revolution	Onion, Prawn	Dr. Durgesh Patel
Protein Revolution	Agriculture Higher production Technology driven Green Revolution	Sri. Narendra Modi
Silver Fiber Revolution	Cotton	—
Silver Revolution	Egg/Poultry	Smt. Indira Gandhi
Evergreen/Rainbow revolution	Overall development of Agriculture	MS Swaminathan
Sweet Revolution	Honey Production	Sri. Narendra Modi
Green Gold Revolution	Promotion & Trade of Bamboo	Sri.Narendra Modi

Some Important National Institutes:

INSTITUTE	Location
National Research Centre on Integrated Farming System (ICAR-NRCIF)	Motihar, Bihar
IRRI South Asia Regional Centre	Varanasi, U.P.
Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research (IIFSR)	Meerut, UP
IIRS – Indian Institute of Remote Sensing	Dehradun, Uttarakhand
CIRCOT – Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology	Mumbai, Maharashtra
CIRG – Central Institute for Research on Goats	Makhdoom, Farah, Uttar Pradesh
Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IIAB)	Ranchi, Jharkhand
National Institute of Biotic Stresses Management (NIBSM)	Raipur, Chhattisgarh
National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management (NIASM)	Malegaon, Maharastra
CISTH – Central Institute of Sub-Tropical Horticulture	Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
CITH  – Central  Institute of Temperate Horticulture	Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir
Central Institute for Agricultural Engineering	Bhopal
Central Institute of Arid Horticulture	Bikaner, rajasthan
Central Seed Testing Referral Laboratory	Varanasi
CIWA – Central Institute for Women in Agriculture	Bhubaneswar, Odisha
CMFRI – Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute	Cochin, Kerala
CPCRI – Central Plantation Crops Research Institute	Kasargod, Kerala
CPPTI – Central Plant Protection Training Institute	Hyderabad
CPRI – Central Potato Research Institute,	Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
CRIDA –Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture	Hyderabad, Telangana
CRIJAF – Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres	Barrackpore, West Bengal
Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture	New Delhi
CSSRI – Central Soil Salinity Research Institute	Karnal, Haryana
CIFA  –   Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture	Bhubaneshwar, Odisha
CIFRI – Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute	Barrackpore, West Bengal
CIFT – Central Institute of Fisheries Technology	Cochin, Kerala
IGFRI – Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute	Jhansi, UP
CIMAP – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants	Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
CIPHET – Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology	Ludhiana, Punjab
IIAB  – Indian  Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology	Ranchi, Jharkhand
IIFSR – Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research	Modipuram, UP
IIHR – Indian Institute of Horticultural Research	Bangalore, Karnataka
IIMR – Indian Institute of Maize Research	Ludhiana, Punjab
IIMR – Indian Institute of Millets Research	Hyderabad, Telangana
IINRG – Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums	Ranchi, Jharkhand
IIWBR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research	Karnal, Haryana
IIOR – Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research	Hyderabad, Telangana
IIPR – Indian Institute of Pulses Research	Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
IIRR – Indian Institute of Rice Research	Hyderabad, Telangana
IISR – Indian Institute of Spices Research, ,	Calicut, Kerala
IISR – Indian Institute of Seed Research,	Mau, Uttar Pradesh
Indian Vegetable Research institute	Varanasi, UP
National Research Centre for Citrus (NRCC)	Nagpur, MH

**National Remote Sensing Centre- Hyderabad, Telangana

**Borlaug Institute for Asia – Ludhiana, Punjab

**National Multi Commodity Exchange- Ahmadabad, Gujarat

 International Agriculture Scenario very important General Agriculture For Competitive Exams

• United Nations First ever UN Food Systems Summit 2021to be held in September 2021 in New York, USA

Objective: To strategize actions for positive change in Agri-Food systems

• First country to approve GM Wheat crop (variety HB4) tolerant to drought and ammonium glufosinate herbicide is Argentina
• GM Corn variety developed by China to fight against invasive Fall Army Worm is 007
• First pilot plant for indigenous forest biomass extraction set up in Switzerland
• European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has recently banned a food additive due to its genotoxicity concerns is Titanium Oxide (E 171)
• New Zealand country introduced climate change law for financial firms for the first time in the World.
• Japan is the first country to formulate a basic hydrogen strategy.
• The country that scores first in Environment Performance Index (EPI) is
• Italy launched First ever mega food park processing in India named as ‘The Mega Food Park’ at Fanidhar in the Mehsana district 

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