General Agriculture For Competitive Exams Like IBPS AFO,NABARD,RRB SO,UPSC
In the post General Agriculture For Competitive Exams we have added all important topics like Minimum Support Prices (MSP) for 2021-22 Season,Chairman’s/Heads/Presidents of different Institutes, List of Important Cabinet Ministers,India’s Rank in Different Indices- 2020-21, Per capita Availability of Food grains-2019-20,Chairman’s/Heads/Presidents of different Institutes & many other important points for the competitive exams.
In The End Of This Important Post General Agriculture For Competitive Exams You Will Get Downloading Link Of PDF
Agriculture Current Affairs 2021 For Competitive Exams
Minimum Support Prices (MSP) for 2021-22 Season
| Kharif Crops | ||
| Commodity | Grade | MSP (Rs./Quintal) |
| **Paddy | Common | 1940 |
| Grade A | 1960 | |
| Jowar | Hybrid | 2738 |
| Maldandi | 2758 | |
| Bajra | 2250 | |
| Ragi | 3377 | |
| Maize | 1870 | |
| **Redgram/ Tur (Arhar) | 6300 | |
| Moong/Green gram | 7275 | |
| Urad/Black gram | 6300 | |
| Groundnut-in-shell | 5550 | |
| Soyabean | 3950 | |
| Sunflower Seed | 6015 | |
| Niger seed | 6930 | |
| Sesamum | 7307 | |
|
***Cotton |
Medium Staple length (mm) 24.5- 25.5 | 5726 |
| Long staple length (mm) 29.5- 30.5 | 6025 | |
| MSP of Rabi crops for marketing season 2021-22 | |
| Commodity | MSP (Rs./Quintal) |
| **Wheat | 1975 |
| Gram/Bengal gram/Chana | 5100 |
| Rape seed/Mustard | 4650 |
| Safflower | 5327 |
| Barley | 1600 |
| Lentil (Masur) | 5100 |
(Govt. of India provided 50% return over cost of production)
- **MSP for Fair Average Quality (FAQ) of Milling Copra – 10,335 per quintal
- **MSP for Fair Average Quality (FAQ) Raw/Ball Copra – 10,600 per quintal
- MSP for Jute- 4500 per quintal
- MSP of Dehusked coconut- 2700/q
- Cotton: –Medium Staple length (mm) of 5-25.5 and micronaire value of 4.3-5.1
– Long Staple length (mm) of 29.5-30.5 and micronaire value of 3.5-4.3
- Sugarcane prices are based on a basic recovery rate of 10 percent
- The mandated crops are 14 crops of the Kharif season paddy, jowar, bajra, maize, ragi, arhar, moong, urad, groundnut-in-shell, soyabean, sunflower, sesamum, nigerseed and cotton;
- 6 Rabi crops wheat, barley, gram, masur (lentil), rapeseed/mustard and safflower and two other commercial crops viz. jute and copra
- Pricing policy for sugarcane is known as- FRP (Fair and remunerative price)
- The Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) for Sugar Cane is declared by Department of Food and Public Distribution
- The Fair and Remunerative Price of Sugar cane for 2020-21 season was 285 per Quintal
- Maximum Retail Price (MRP) fixed by Government of India for Bt-cotton hybrid seed is 767 per 450 gms packet plus 120 gms refugia.
- MSP of TORIA & DEHUSKED COCONUT (which are not included) derived from the MSP of Mustard and Copra respectively
Chairman’s/Heads/Presidents of different Institutes
| Institute | Year of establishment | Chairman
/Head/president |
Headquarter |
| ICAR |
16th July,1929 |
President –Narendra Singh Tomar |
New Delhi |
| DG – Trilochan Mahopatra | |||
| NITI Ayog | 1 Jan, 2015 | Chairperson-Narendra Modi |
New Delhi |
| Vice ChairpersonRajiv Kumar | |||
| CEO- Amitabh kanth | |||
| ASRB | 1 Nov, 1973 | Aditya Kumar Misra | New Delhi |
| Doubling of Farmer Income | 2016 | Ashok Dalwai | New Delhi |
| NABARD | 12th July 1982 | C. Govinda Rajulu | Mumbai |
| **ASCI
(Agriculture Skill Council of India) |
2015 | Sanjeev Asthana | Gurugram, Haryana |
| FCI | 1965 | Atish Chandra | New Delhi |
| APEDA | 1986 | Dr. M. Angamuthu | New Delhi |
| ***CACP | 1965 | Vijay Paul Sharma | New Delhi |
| United Nations | 1945, | Antonio Guterres | Newyork |
| ICRISAT | 1972 | Dr. Jacqueline Hughes | Hyderabad |
| PPV&FR | 2001 | Dr.K.V.Prabhu | New Delhi |
| MANAGE | 1986 | Dr.P.Chandra Shekara | Hyderabad |
| FAO | Oct 24, 1945 | Qu Dongyu | Rome, Italy |
| *NAFED | Oct 2,1958 | Chairman- Bijender Singh | New Delhi |
| MD- Sanjeev Kumar Chadha | |||
| FSSAI | 2011 | Ms Rita Teaotia | New Delhi |
| FICCI | 1927 | Uday Shankar | New Delhi |
| Cotton Corporation India (CCI) | 2003 | Pradeep Kumar Agarwal | New Delhi |
| NDDB | 1965 | Varsha Joshi | Anand, Gujarat |
| RBI | 1 April, 1935 | Shaktikanta Das | Mumbai |
| IARI | 1905 | AK Singh | New Delhi |
| World bank | 1945 | David Malpass | Washington |
| IFFCO | 1967 | Balvinder Singh Nakai
MD –U.S. Awasthi |
New Delhi |
| GST council | 2015 | Nirmala Sithraman | New Delhi |
| IMF | 1945 | Kristalina Georgieva | Washington |
| FSSAI | 2011 | Ashish Bahuguna | New Delhi |
| IRRI | 1960 | Dr. Jean Balié | Los Banos, Philippines |
| IRRI South Asia Regional Center- IRRI SARC & CERVA | Dec, 2018 | Dr. Arvind Kumar | Varanasi |
| Competition Commission of India | 14 Oct, 2003 | Ashok Kumar Gupta | New Delhi |
Note:
***APEDA- Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority
FICCI- Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry
NAFED- National Agricultural Marketing Cooperative Federation
FSSAI- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India
CERVA- Centre of Excellence in Rice Value Addition
PPV&FR- Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer’s Right
List of Important Cabinet Ministers:
| Minister of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, |
Shri Narendra Singh Tomar |
| Ministry of Rural Development, | |
| Ministry of Panchayati Raj | |
| Minister of Food Processing Industries | |
| Minister of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries | Shri Giriraj Singh |
| Minister of Jal Shakti | Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat |
| Minister of Environment & Forest, Climate Change | Shri Parkash Jawedkar |
| Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers | Shri D.V. Sadananda Gowda |
| Minister of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution | Shri Piyush Goyal |
Ministry of Jal Shakti: Formed in May, 2019
- This was formed by merging of two ministries:
- Ministry of Water Resources, River Development
- Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation
- Campaign launched by Government of India for Water conservation and Water security with an emphasis on 1592 water stressed blocks in 256 districts is Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA)
- Jan Andolan for Water conservation- Jal Shakti Abhiyan
- Jal Shakti Abhiyan launched on 1 July, 2019. (First Phase of JSA- 1st July, 2019 to 15th September, 2019; Second Phase of JSA- 1st October, 2019 to 30th November, 2019
- Goa is the first state to provide 100% tap water connections in rural areas / First ‘Har Ghar Jal’ state in the country as it successfully provides 100 per cent Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTCs) in the rural areas.
Percapita Availability of Food grains-2019-20:
| Food grain | PCA of food grains (g per day) (2019) | PCA of Food grains (kg per year (2019) | PCA of Food grains 2020 | |
| g/day | kg per year | |||
| Fruits | 201.50 | — | — | — |
| Vegetables | 400 | — | — | — |
| *Milk | 407 | — | — | — |
| *Eggs | — | 86/annum | — | — |
| Fish | — | 10.56 | — | — |
| *Pulses | 47.3 | 17.2 | 17.5 | 47.9 |
| Rice | 192.1 | 70.1 | 201.2 | 73.4 |
| Wheat | 171.1 | 64.6 | 177.7 | 64.8 |
| Other cereals | 47.3 | 17.2 | 78.2 | 28.6 |
| Total food grains | 494.7 | 180.5 | 512.5 | 187.1 |
Source: Economic Survey 2020-21.
India’s Rank in Different Indices- 2020-21
| Index | Rank |
| Human Development Index | 131 (First rank-Norway) |
| Global Innovation Index
(Switzerland-First rank) |
48 |
| Global Hunger Index | 94 |
| Gender Gap Index | 112 (Iceland- First rank) |
| Gender Equality Index | 108 (out of 149) |
| Global entrepreneur Index | 68 |
| Environmental Performance Index | 178 |
| Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) | 63 (New Zealand- First Rank) |
Genetically Modified crops/Transgenic crops/Biotech crops:
- The total area in world under GM crops is 4Mha in 29 countries (planted by 17 million farmers)
- Area under transgenic plants in India (2019) 37 Mha
- India’s rank in Cultivation of GM crops is 5th
- Bt-Cotton is the only GM crop Cultivated in India with an area of 37 Mha
- The country with highest area under GM crops USA (71.5 Mha)
- Leading countries in transgenic crops are USA >Brazil > Argentina>Canada> India (5th)
- The crops with highest area under GM crops in world are Soyabean (91.9 mha > Maize (60.9 mha) > Cotton (25.7 mha)> Canola (10.1 mha)
- Apex body/Regulatory/Statutory body for approval of proposals relating to release of GM crops in India is Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC), 1989
- GEAC works under Ministry of Environment and Forest
- The first commercially grown genetically engineered food is Flavr Savr,
- The first cultivated GM crop in the world is Soyabean
- The first country to approve GM Wheat crop tolerant to drought and ammonium glufosinate herbicide is
Note: The GM wheat variety HB4 was developed by biotechnology companies Bioceres (Argentina) and Florimond Desprez (France) in Oct 2020.
Public Distribution System (PDS):
- Central government has decided to distribute millets such as “Jowar and Bajra through Public distribution system to improve nutrition security of the
- Total number of Beneficiaries in India under PDS system are 81 crore
- Major commodities distributed in PDS system are Rice (Rs.3/kg), Wheat (Rs.2/Kg) & coarse cereals (Rs.1/kg)
- The Revamped Public Distribution System (RPDS) was launched in- 1992
- The Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) was introduced with effect from- June 1997
- The total storage capacity available with Food Corporation of India (FCI) and the State Agencies (both owned and hired capacity) is- 19 LMT (Lakh Metric Tonnes)
- Normal storage capacity is- 59 LMT (wheat and rice).
- Fortification of Rice & its Distribution under Public Distribution System: 2019-20
- Objective: To address the issue of anaemia and micro-nutrient deficiency and to promote nutrition security in the country
- Time Period: 3 Yrs
- Fund share between Center and State is: 90:10 (NE States) & 75: 25 in other states
- Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PM-GKAY)
- Launched as part of Atma Nirbhar Bharat
- Objective: to supply free food grains to migrants and poor.
- More than 80 crore people covered under NFSA-2013 will be provided 5 kg free wheat/rice per person/ month along with 1kg free Bengal gram (Chana) to each family per month in addition to the 5 kg of subsidized food
Other Miscellaneous points:
- Agricultural Extension density in India:
| Ratio of Agricultural Extension Officer to Farmers in Hilly areas | 1: 400 |
| Ratio of Agricultural Extension Officer to Farmers in Irrigated areas | 1: 750 |
| Ratio of Agricultural Extension Officer to Farmers in Rainfed areas | 1: 1000 |
- Monthly Radio programme hosted by P.M. of India is Mann ki Baat (Started on 3, 2014)
- Highest Gross Sown Area- P.> M.P.> MH
- Highest Net Sown Area is in MH & M.P
- Barren and uncultivated land highest is in
- Rajasthan is largest state in terms of geographical area.
- *Government of India Formulated – “7-point strategy for Doubling of Farmers Income by 2022”
- Cluster bean becomes the first agricultural product to enter commodities market.
- The National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX) has launched India’s first agri index for easy reference to price variations in agricultural commodities on- “Agridex” on 13 Nov, 2019
- Punjab is the first Indian state to launch Digi-locker Facility for farmers.
- Country’s first forest healing centre was opened to the public at Kalika, Near Ranikhet, Uttarakhand
- India’s first moss garden has been set up in Lingadhar village, Khurpatal area of Nainital district for conservation of Bryophytes and moss species.
- Ministry of HRD launched YUKTI Web Portal (Young India Combating Covid with Knowledge, Technology and Innovation) and Dash board to monitor and record the efforts and initiatives of ministry of HRD on 13th April, 2020.
- Rajnath Singh chairs the 7-member Group of Ministers that reviews the crop insurance scheme ‘Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana’.
- Bamboo Drip Irrigation system– A system of water conservation is practiced in the state of
- Agriculture contributes at least 10% -14% of GHG emissions (Highest by energy sector-72%).
Top three GHG emitting countries are– China (27%) > USA (15%) > EU (10%)> India (6.6%)
- The Contribution of agriculture to GDP (2019-20)- 17.8%
- The Sector that contributes highest to GDP is Service sector (54.77%) followed by Industrial sector (27.48%)
- India’s first indigenous temperature data logger (-40 to +80) for cold chain management ‘AmbiTAG’ developed by AWADH (Agriculture and Water Technology Development Hub) of IIT Ropar and Scratch Nest .
Agricultural Exports and Imports:
- Share of Agriculture exports in the total exports of the country is 26% (fourth largest commodity in terms of exports)
- Share of Agriculture imports in the total imports of the country is 09%
- India’s largest exported agricultural commodity in terms of its value is Basmati Rice (Rs.32,804 cr)
- Highest exported: Cereals (basmati rice & Non-basmati rice) >Marine Products>Buffalo meat
- Highest imported: Vegetable oils and Fresh fruits
- Share of India’s Agriculture exports in the World – 5%
- Share of India’s Agriculture Imports in the World – 5%
- India’s total agricultural exports accounts for 52 Lakh crore
- India’s total agricultural imports accounts for 47 Lakh crore
- India’s top Agricultural Export commodities in terms of value for 2019-20 are Marine Products (Rs. 44, 691 cr) >Basmati Rice (Rs. 27, 428 cr)> Spices (Rs. 23, 562) > Buffalo Meat (Rs. 21, 260 cr)> Non-Basmati Rice (Rs. 13,030 cr)
- India’s top Agricultural Export commodities in terms of value for 2020-21 are Marine Products (Rs. 40, 141 cr) > Non-Basmati Rice (Rs. 30, 276 cr)>Basmati Rice (Rs. 26, 850 cr) > Spices (Rs. 26, 257 cr) > Buffalo Meat (Rs. 21, 336 cr)
- **India’s top Agricultural Imports in terms of value are-Vegetable Oils (Rs.74, 286 cr) > Fresh Fruits (Rs.14, 514 cr) > Pulses (Rs.11, 375 cr)> Spices (Rs.7, 290 cr)
- India Exports Principal Agricultural commodities in 2019-20 to the country- Iran
- India Exports Principal Agricultural commodities in 2020-21 to the country- Bangladesh
- India Imports Principal Agricultural Commodities from the country- USA
- India’s position in global export of agricultural, fishery, and forestry products is- 14th
- A Portal for bridging the gap between FPO/FPC/Cooperatives with exporters is Farmer Connect portal (FPO/FPC can sell directly their Agri products to Exporters).
Farmer connect portal developed by APEDA on 20 May, 2020
- NABARD and Mahratta Chamber of Commerce Industries and Agriculture (MCCIA) set up India’s First Agriculture Export Facilitation Center (AEFC) at Pune
AEFC will provide the capacity building for Agri-food exports.
- An apex body that promotes export trade of agricultural and processed food products in India are APEDA (Estd.1986), functioning under Ministry of Commerce and
- Online trading portal developed by APEDA, UNCTAD and Ministry of Agriculture for providing regular statistical updates is Agri Exchange.
- Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCIS) (HQ-Kolkata) is the premier organization of Government of India for collection, compilation and dissemination of India’s trade statistics and commercial information.
National Food Security Mission (NFSM)-2007
- National Food security Mission (NFSM) launched in the year- 2007. The main objective is to increase production of Rice by 10 MT, Wheat by 8 MT and Pulses by 2 MT by the end of 11 FYP.
- Revised Target of NFSM during 12 FYP is to increase food grain production by 25 MT e., 10 Mt of Rice, 8Mt of Wheat, 4Mt of Pulses, 3Mt of Coarse cereals.
- NFSM at present covers 7 crops e., Rice, Wheat, Pulses, Coarse Cereals, Sugarcane, Cotton, Jute.
New Initiatives in NFSM: from 2018 onwards focusing on Nutri-cereals, Oilseeds and Oil palm
- New ‘National Mission on Edible Oil’ implemented from- 2018-19
- To Increase production of Oilseeds from 88 mt to 47.80 million tonnes by 2024-25
- Increase the production of edible oils from primary and secondary sources from 50 mt to 18 mt by 2024-25 that reduce imports on edible oil from 60 to 45%.
- Oil seed production- 22 million tonnes (2019-20) & Productivity is 1295 Kg/ha
- Central government formulated ‘Seed Minikit Programme’ on June 2021 to bring an additional area of 37 lakh ha under oil seeds & 24.36 lakh quintals edible oils. (Soyabean and Groundnut.)
- Target area and production of Mustard set up by Government of India 2025-26 is – 17 million tonnes in 9 million ha (Mission Mustard)
National Food security Act/bill- 2013
- National Food Security Act/bill passed in the year- July, 2013
- As per Food Security Ordinance (2013) or Food security bill, food grain’s planned to distribute among household is/are – Rice, wheat and coarse grains
- Amount of rice, wheat and coarse grain decided to distributed per households under Food Security Ordinance (2013) – Rs. 3:2:1 kg per
- Under Food Security Ordinance (2013) – amount of food grain decided to distributed per household per month is 5 kg & amount of food grain distributed per family living BPL is 35 Kg
NITI Ayog: 2015 (policy think tank of GOI):
- Acronym for NITI Ayog – National Institution for Transforming India
- Policy making body of of India – NITI Ayog
- NITI Ayog formed in the year – Jan 1, 2015
- First CEO of NITI Ayog – Sindhu Sree Kullar
- Present CEO of NITI Ayog – Amitabh Kanth
- Governing council of NITI Ayog consists of Chief ministers of all states
- Chairman of NITI Ayog – Prime Minister
- NITI Ayog vice chairman – Rajiv Kumar
- Full time members of NITI Ayog – Bibek Debroy and K. Saraswat
- Agricultural economist of NITI Ayog – Ramesh Chand
- “NITI Aayog developed Agricultural Marketing and Farmer Friendly Reforms Index for comparing states on implementation of farm sector Ranks: Maharashtra (1st), Gujarat (2nd), Rajasthan (3rd).
GST: Goods & Service Tax:
- Goods and Service Tax is an Indirect tax
- The genesis of the introduction of GST in the country was laid down in the historic Budget Speech of 28th February 2006
- Amendment bill – 122
- Amendment Act – 101
- GST Council Headquarter – New Delhi
- GST Recommended by – Vijay Kelkar Committee
- 1st state to ratify the GST bill – Assam
- Zero GST for Food grains
- GST threshold limit for Normal states – 20 lakhs
- GST threshold limit for NE states – 10 lakhs
- 1st state to pass GST bill – Telangana
- GST came into effect in India from – 1 July, 2017
- Highest tax contribution to Indian economy is from – GST> Corporate tax> Income tax
- GST council is the governing body of
- GST Council Chairman – Finance Minister (Smt. Nirmala Seetharaman)
- GST Council formation is based on ARTICLE- 279A.
- GST was first introduced by France, 1954
- GST implemented in India through 4 tier structures (5%, 12%, 18%, 28%)
- 28% GST is for Luxury goods
- GSTN – Goods & Service Tax Network.
GST on Agriculture Products
| Commodities | GST Rate |
| Fresh vegetables, Fresh/Pasteurized Milk, Egg, Unpacked Food grains, Unbranded Natural Honey, frozen vegetables, Preserved vegetables | 0% |
| Packed Organic & Bio Fertilizer, Fertilizers, Milk powder, Edible oils, Spices, Tea, Coffee, Dry flower, plants and roots, fruits and nuts, Natural rubber, Cashew nuts and raisin. | 5% |
| Almonds, Walnuts, Fruit and vegetable juices, Preparations of Fruits and Vegetables, packed coconut water, Drip irrigation systems including laterals, sprinklers. | 12% |
| Pesticides, Tractor wheel, Tractor parts, Plastic pipes, Ice creams, Corn flakes, PVC Pipes | 18% |
| Luxury items, cigarettes and aerated drinks | 28% |
ICT Initiatives in Agriculture:
| Name of the App/ Portal | Developer | Purpose |
| KVK Mobile App | ICAR- IASRI, New Delhi | To Get details of information about KVK and facilities provided by KVK. |
| ICAR technologies | ICAR | Consists of proven technologies generated by ICAR institutions.
An easy way to locate appropriate technologies based on major resource, commodity and technology group. |
| Pusa Krishi (2016) | ICAR-IARI | To help the farmers to find easy solutions to problems in their farm fields and get information about weather. |
| Kisan Sarathi | ICAR and IIDS of Digital India Corporation | · System of Agri Information Resource Auto-Transmission and Technology Hub Interface of ICAR
· To provide tele Agro advisory services to farmers |
| KISAAN (Krishi Integrated Solution for Agri Apps Navigation). | ICAR- Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture (DKMA) | App that integrates more than 100 agriculture related apps of ICAR institutes. |
| Jaf Safe | ICAR-CRIJAF Barrackpore | Jute and allied fiber crops Pest Management. |
| Arka Vyapar | IIHR, Bangalore | To connect farmers with traders for best available prices. |
| Livestock Disease Forewarning | ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR- NIVEDI), Bangalore. | To provide information related to early warning and about clinical samples for the diagnosis in case of epidemic. |
| e-Gopala | Department of Animal Husbandry Dairying & Fisheries | For comprehensive breed improvement
market place and information portal for direct use of livestock farmers |
| Kisan Sabha | CSIR-CRRI | To connect farmers to Supply chain |
| UMANG
(Unified Mobile Application for New-Age Governance) |
Digital India, Min. of ICT | To facilitate a single point of access to all government services. |
| Uber for Tractor | Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare | · To hire Farm equipment on rental basis
· To efficiently connect farmers with Custom Hiring Centers (CHCs) just like |
| Uber connects passengers to cabs. | ||
| Kisan Rath | Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare | To facilitate the farmers and traders across the country for transportation of agri- produce by connecting them with the transporters. |
| CHC Farm Machinery App | Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare | Multi lingual Mobile App that will allow farmers to avail custom hiring services of CHCs located at a radius of 50 KM. |
| National Mobile Monitoring Software
App (NMMS) |
Ministry of Rural Development | For taking real time attendance of workers at MNREGA worksites and
area officer. |
| Krishi Kisan App | Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare | Geo Tagging of Agricultural assets
To provide farmers the information of best demonstration of high yielding crops and seeds in their nearby area. (24 Sep 2019) |
| PM Kisan App (Feb 2020) | Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare | To increase the outreach of PM KISAN Scheme |
| Kisan Suvidha (March, 2016) | Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare | To provide information on subjects such as weather, Market prices, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, Input dealers and agriculture machinery. |
| Plantix | PEAT GmBH in collaboration with ICRISAT, CIMMYT & CABI. | Image based Plant diagnostic app |
| mHariyali | Ministry of Jal Shakti | For cleaning & greening of open space through plantation, rain water harvesting- awareness & construction |
| Drishti (2015) | NRSC (National Remote Sensing Centre) | For field data collection |
| Hortinet | APEDA | To facilitate farmers testing, registration and certification of Fruits & vegetables |
| Farmer Connect
portal |
APEDA | · For bridging the gap between FPO/FPC/Cooperatives withexporters.
· FPO/FPC can sell directly their Agri products to Exporters |
| Jaivik Kheti Portal | Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare | For marketing of Organic produce |
| Crop Insurance | Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare | Used to calculate the insurance premium for notified crops based on area, coverage. |
| Agri Market | Agmarknet | To get the market price of crops in the markets within 50 Kms of device location. |
| Agri Invest (2021) | Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare | Dedicated Investor facilitator cell of Minister of Agriculture. |
| One stop solution to all investors in Agriculture | |||
| Farmers Portal (July, 2013) | Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare | One stop shop for meeting all informational needs relating to Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries sectors production, sale/storage of an Indian farmer. | |
| mKisan (July, 2013) | Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare | Enables all Central and State government organizations in agriculture and allied sectors to give information / services / advisories to farmers by SMS in their language, preference of agricultural practices and location. | |
| Weather Related Apps | |||
| *Meghdoot | Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) & Indian Council for Agriculture Research (ICAR) | ‘Vernacular Agro Met advisory App’ based on weather forecast to farmers. (Aug, 2019). | |
| Mausam | IMD, IITM (Pune), ICRISAT
and DAY (Digital Agriculture and Youth) |
To provide location specific weather forecast & warning for general public | |
| Damini | IITM-Pune and ESSO | Lightening Alerts and protection against lightening | |
| Gemini | ISRO and INCOIS | Disaster Warning device launched by government to protect fishermen of any danger.
Gemini is a portable device linked to ISRO satellites that is ‘hail proof’ |
|
Important International Years:
| 2004 | International year of rice |
| 2005 | International year of micro credit |
| 2006- | International year of desert and desertification |
| 2007 | International year of water (theme-more crop per drop) |
| 2008 | International year of potato |
| 2009 | -International year of fiber |
| 2010 | International year of Biodiversity |
| 2011 | International Year of Forests and International Year of Youth |
| 2012 | International Year of Cooperatives and International Year of Sustainable Energy for All |
| 2013- | International Year of Water Cooperation |
| 2014 | International year of Family farming & Farmer Producer organizations |
| 2015 | International Year of Soil |
| 2016 | International Year of pulses |
| 2017 | International Year of sustainable tourism for development |
| 2019 | International Year of Indigenous Languages |
| 2020 | International Year of Plant Health |
| 2021 | International Year of Fruits & Vegetables |
| 2022 | International year of artisanal fisheries and aquaculture |
| 2023 | International Year of Millets |
NATIONAL BUREAUS- 06
| NBAGR- National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources | Karnal, Haryana |
| NBAII – National Bureau of Agriculturally
Important Insects |
Hebbal, Bengaluru, Karnataka |
| NBAIMO- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Micro-Organisms | Mau Nath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh |
| NBFGR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources | Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh |
| NBPGR- National Bureau of Plant Genetic
Resources |
New Delhi |
| NBSS & LUP- National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land-Use Planning | Nagpur, Maharashtra |
Deemed Universities- 04
| IARI – Indian Agricultural Research Institute | New Delhi |
| NDRI – National Dairy Research Institute | Karnal, Haryana |
| IVRI – Indian Veterinary Research Institute | Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh |
| CIFE – Central Institute on Fisheries Education | Mumbai, Maharashtra |
| Project/Mission | Initiated in |
| AICRP on Maize | 1957 |
| National Agricultural Research Project (NARP) | 1979 |
| National Agriculture Extension Project (NAEP) | 1983 |
| Technology Mission on Oil Seeds | 1986 |
| National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) | 1998 |
| National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) | July, 2006 |
| National Horticultural Mission (NHM) | 2005-06 |
| Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) | 2014-15 |
| National Food Security Mission (NFSM) | 2007 |
| National Agricultural Higher Education Project (NAHEP) | Oct, 2017 |
| National Food Security Act or Ordinance | July, 2013 |
| National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) | Feb 2011 |
| Agricultural Management Agency | 2005 |
| AICRP on Maize | 1957 |
Important Days in Agriculture and Allied Sectors:
| Important Days in Agriculture & Allied Sciences for JRF & SRF | |
| 2 February | World Wet land day/ Ramser’s day |
| 10 February | World Pulses Day |
| 13 February | World Radio Day (for Social Sciences) |
| 19 February | Soil Health Card Day |
| 3 March | World wild life day |
| 8 March | International women’s day |
| 11 March | Water resource day |
| 15 March | World consumer day |
| 21 March | World forest day |
| 22 March | World Water day |
| 23 March | World Meteorological day |
| 7 April | World Health day |
| 16 April | Mushrooms Day |
| 22 April | World Earth day |
| 26 April | World intellectual property day |
| Last Saturday of April | World Veterinary day |
| 2 May | World tuna day |
| 8 May | National Agroforestry Day |
| 11 May | National Technology day |
| 20 May | World Honey day |
| 16 May | World Agri-Tourism Day |
| 21 May | World Tea Day |
| 22 May | International Day for Biological Diversity |
| 31 May | World Anti- Tobacco day |
| 1 June | World Milk day |
| 7 June | World Food safety Day |
| 5 June | World Environment day |
| 10 July | National Fish Husbandry day |
| 11 July | World Population day |
| 16 July | ICAR day |
| 8 Sep | World Literacy day |
| September (1st to 7th ) | National Nutrition week |
| 16 Sep | World Ozone day |
| 18 Sep | World Bamboo Day |
| 1 Oct | World Habitat day/Vegetarian day |
| 1 Oct | World Coffee Day |
| 2 Oct | National Women Literacy day |
| 4 Oct | World Animal Welfare day |
| 11 Oct | International day of Girl Child |
| 13 Oct | World Egg Day/ UN International day for Natural Disaster Reduction |
| 15 Oct | Mahila Kisan Diwas (Women in Agriculture Day) / International Day of Rural Women |
| 16 Oct | World Food Day |
| 24 Oct | UN day |
| 16 Nov | National Press Day |
| 21 Nov | World Fisheries day |
| 26 Nov | National Milk Day |
| 3 Dec | National Agriculture Education Day (Babu Rajendra Prasad birthday) |
| 5 Dec | World Soil Day |
| 10 Dec | Human Right’s Day |
| 14 Dec | National Energy conservation day |
| 23 Dec
Ch. Charan Singh birthday |
Farmer’s day (Kisan Diwas)
Farmer’s awareness week (Dec 23-29) |
Five Year Plans (Concept taken from Russia):
| FYP | Priority Area |
| I FYP (1951-56)
Harrod-Domar model |
Famous called as “Harrod Domar” model, priority to agriculture and allied sectors |
| II FYP (1956-61)
Mahalanobis Model |
Famously called as Mahalanobis Model, Priority to Industry or manufacturing sector |
| III FYP (1961-66) | Agriculture registered Negative Growth rate, priority to achieve Self-sufficiency in food grain production and to stop import of food grains from USA |
| IV FYP (1969-74) | Growth and Justice |
| V FYP (1974-79) | Removal of poverty and self-reliance |
| VI FYP (1980-85)
Rolling plan |
Family planning |
| VII FYP (1985-90) | Food Production, Employment, Productivity |
| VIII FYP (1992-97)
Indicative planning |
Known as “Indicative planning”, Employment Generation, Control of Population and Economic reforms |
| IX FYP (1997-2002) | Growth Rate of 7 percent |
| XFYP (2002-2007) | Self-employment and resources and development |
| XI FYP (2007-2012) | Improvement of Health, Education and Sanitation. |
| XII FYP (2012-17) | Faster, Sustainable & more inclusive growth. |
International Agricultural Institutions:
| CATIE (Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Centre) | Turrialbas, Cartago Costa Rica |
| CIAT (International Center for Agricultural Research) | Cali, Columbia |
| CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) | Mexico City, Mexico |
| CIP (International Potato Center) | Lima, Peru |
| IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute) | Washington D.C.
United States |
| ICRAF (World Agro forestry Centre formerly International Center for Agro Forestry | Nairobi, Kenya |
| **ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute) | Nairobi, Kenya |
| IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) | Ibadan, Nigeria |
| CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research) | Bogor Barat,
Indonesia |
| ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics). | Patanchcheru,
Hyderabad, India |
| IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) | Los Banos, Philippines |
| IWMI (International Water management Institute) | Colombo, Sri Lanka |
| Biodiversity International. | Rome, Italy |
| CGIAR (‘Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) | Montpellier –France |
| ICARDA- (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas) | Beirut, Syria |
| WARDA- (West African Rice Development Association) | Costa rica |
| ISNAR – (International Service for National Agricultural Research | Netherlands, Hague |
| International Agronomical research Center | Montpellier, France |
| World Fish Center | Penang, Malaysia |
| International Water Management Institute (IWMI) | Colombo, Srilanka |
| Food and Agriculture organization (FAO) | Rome |
| Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre (AVRDC) | Taiwan |
| International Centre for Foot and Mouth Disease- (ICFMD) | Arugal, Odisha, India |
| Asia Pacific Association of Agricultural Research Institute (APAARI) | Thailand |
| **International Horticulture Innovation and Training Center | Jaipur, Rajasthan |
| World Meteorological Organization | Geneva, Switzerland |
| IPGRI-International Plant Genetic Resources Institute | Rome, Italy |
| International Rice Research Institute | Manila, Philippines |
International Agricultural Organizations:
- CGIAR:
- Known as “Partnership of funders and international agricultural research centers”
- Objectives: To reduce poverty and hunger, improve human health and nutrition, and enhance ecosystem resilience through high-quality international agricultural research, partnership and
- Total number of CGIAR institutions- 15
- Funding: from various institutes and countries FAO, UNDP, Ford foundation, World Bank, IFAD, Asian development bank, African development bank,
- Food and Agriculture organization (FAO) – Rome
- Parental organization: UN Social and economic council
- Funding: Multilateral institutions such as the World Bank, regional development banks and international funds as well as FAO
- Center for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI)
- Headquarters: Wallingford, United Kingdom
- Founded 1910
- Objective: Not-for-profit inter-governmental development and information Organization focusing primarily on agricultural and environmental issues in the developing world, and the creation, curation and dissemination of scientific knowledge.
- The International Solar Alliance: 2015, Initiated by
- Members : 121 countries
- Head quarter: Gurugram
- Founded at: Paris, France
- Director General: Ajay Mathu
- Objective: a treaty based inter-governmental organization working to create a global market system to tap the benefits of solar power and promote clean energy applications.
General Agriculture For Competitive Exams
Other Organizations:
- BRICS- Brazil Russia India China South Africa (05)
- Term coined by Jim O Neill
- Founded in – 2009
- Headquarters of BRICS development bank- Shanghai
- BRICS headquarters- Shanghai
- 9th BRICS summit (recent) happened at- Xiamen, China
- Chairman of BRICS development bank: KV Kamath
- SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, 1985
- 0Headquarter: Kathmandu, Nepal
- Founder Members: 6
- Present Members: 8 (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka)
- 20th SAARC summit will be held in- Srilanka, 2018
- SAARC secretary general- Arjun Bahadur Thapa
- SAARC Agriculture Centre located at- Dhaka, Bangladesh
- OPEC: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
- Headquarter: Vienna
- Member countries: 14
- BIMSTEC: Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multisectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Srilanka, Thailand & Myanmar
- Founded: 1997
- Headquarter: Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Member countries: 07
- Purpose: Platform for inter-regional cooperation between South and South East
- 17th BIMSTEC Ministerial Meeting chaired by- Srilanka (April 2021)
- G4 nations– Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan
- Found in: 2005
- Headquarters: United Nations
- Purpose: Support each other’s bids for permanent seats on the United Nations Security
- World Trade Organization: (India is Founder Member country)
- Founded: 1 Jan, 1995
- Headquarter: Geneva, Switzerland
- Member countries: 193
- Director General: Robert Azevedo
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN):
- Established in: 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand
- Member countries: 10 (Founders: Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand & Philippines)
- India is not a member country of ASEAN
- 36th ASEAN summit virtually chaired by- Vietnam
| Organization | Number of Member Countries | Year of Establishment |
| WTO | 164 | 01.01.1995 |
| UNO | 193 | 24.10.1945 |
| IMF | 189 | 27.12.1945 |
| SAARC | 08 | 1985 |
| BRICS | 05 | 2009 |
| Some Important Policies/Commissions on Agriculture | |
| *NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY | 2000 |
| *National Commission on Farmers (NCF) (Chairman: MS Swaminathan) | 2004 |
| **National Commission on Agriculture (Chairman: MS Randhwa) | Initiated in 1970 Submitted its report: 1976 |
| *National Agricultural Development Programme | 2007 |
| *National Policy for Farmers | 2007 |
Revolutions related to agriculture:
| Revolutions in Farming | Associated Crop | Associated Person/Father |
| Green Revolution | Over all crop Production | Norman Borlaug- World
MS Swaminathan- India |
| White Revolution | Milk Production | Verghese Kurien |
| Black Revolution | Petroleum Production/crude oil production | Hiralal Chaudhary &
Arun Krishnan |
| Brown Revolution | Leather/Cocoa Production
/non-conventional |
|
| Golden Fibre Revolution | Jute Production | |
| Golden Revolution | Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production | Dr.K.L.Chadda |
| Grey Revolution | Fertilizer | — |
| Brown Revolution | Leather/Cocoa production | — |
| Yellow Revolution | Oil Seeds | Sam Pitroda |
| Round Revolution | Potato | |
| Red Revolution | Meat & Tomato Production | Dr. Vishal Tewari |
| Pink Revolution | Onion, Prawn | Dr. Durgesh Patel |
| Protein Revolution | Agriculture Higher production
Technology driven Green Revolution |
Sri. Narendra Modi |
| Silver Fiber Revolution | Cotton | — |
| Silver Revolution | Egg/Poultry | Smt. Indira Gandhi |
| Evergreen/Rainbow revolution | Overall development of Agriculture | MS Swaminathan |
| Sweet Revolution | Honey Production | Sri. Narendra Modi |
| Green Gold Revolution | Promotion & Trade of Bamboo | Sri.Narendra Modi |
Some Important National Institutes:
| INSTITUTE | Location |
| National Research Centre on Integrated Farming System (ICAR-NRCIF) | Motihar, Bihar |
| IRRI South Asia Regional Centre | Varanasi, U.P. |
| Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research (IIFSR) | Meerut, UP |
| IIRS – Indian Institute of Remote Sensing | Dehradun, Uttarakhand |
| CIRCOT – Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology | Mumbai, Maharashtra |
| CIRG – Central Institute for Research on Goats | Makhdoom, Farah, Uttar Pradesh |
| Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IIAB) | Ranchi, Jharkhand |
| National Institute of Biotic Stresses
Management (NIBSM) |
Raipur, Chhattisgarh |
| National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management (NIASM) | Malegaon, Maharastra |
| CISTH – Central Institute of Sub-Tropical Horticulture | Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh |
| CITH – Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture | Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir |
| Central Institute for Agricultural Engineering | Bhopal |
| Central Institute of Arid Horticulture | Bikaner, rajasthan |
| Central Seed Testing Referral Laboratory | Varanasi |
| CIWA – Central Institute for Women in Agriculture | Bhubaneswar, Odisha |
| CMFRI – Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute | Cochin, Kerala |
| CPCRI – Central Plantation Crops Research Institute | Kasargod, Kerala |
| CPPTI – Central Plant Protection Training Institute | Hyderabad |
| CPRI – Central Potato Research Institute, | Shimla, Himachal Pradesh |
| CRIDA –Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture | Hyderabad, Telangana |
| CRIJAF – Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres | Barrackpore, West Bengal |
| Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture | New Delhi |
| CSSRI – Central Soil Salinity Research Institute | Karnal, Haryana |
| CIFA – Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture | Bhubaneshwar, Odisha |
| CIFRI – Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute | Barrackpore, West Bengal |
| CIFT – Central Institute of Fisheries Technology | Cochin, Kerala |
| IGFRI – Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute | Jhansi, UP |
| CIMAP – Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants | Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh |
| CIPHET – Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology | Ludhiana, Punjab |
| IIAB – Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology | Ranchi, Jharkhand |
| IIFSR – Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research | Modipuram, UP |
| IIHR – Indian Institute of Horticultural Research | Bangalore, Karnataka |
| IIMR – Indian Institute of Maize Research | Ludhiana, Punjab |
| IIMR – Indian Institute of Millets Research | Hyderabad, Telangana |
| IINRG – Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums | Ranchi, Jharkhand |
| IIWBR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research | Karnal, Haryana |
| IIOR – Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research | Hyderabad, Telangana |
| IIPR – Indian Institute of Pulses Research | Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh |
| IIRR – Indian Institute of Rice Research | Hyderabad, Telangana |
| IISR – Indian Institute of Spices Research, , | Calicut, Kerala |
| IISR – Indian Institute of Seed Research, | Mau, Uttar Pradesh |
| Indian Vegetable Research institute | Varanasi, UP |
| National Research Centre for Citrus (NRCC) | Nagpur, MH |
**National Remote Sensing Centre- Hyderabad, Telangana
**Borlaug Institute for Asia – Ludhiana, Punjab
**National Multi Commodity Exchange- Ahmadabad, Gujarat
International Agriculture Scenario very important General Agriculture For Competitive Exams
- United Nations First ever UN Food Systems Summit 2021to be held in September 2021 in New York, USA
Objective: To strategize actions for positive change in Agri-Food systems
- First country to approve GM Wheat crop (variety HB4) tolerant to drought and ammonium glufosinate herbicide is Argentina
- GM Corn variety developed by China to fight against invasive Fall Army Worm is 007
- First pilot plant for indigenous forest biomass extraction set up in Switzerland
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has recently banned a food additive due to its genotoxicity concerns is Titanium Oxide (E 171)
- New Zealand country introduced climate change law for financial firms for the first time in the World.
- Japan is the first country to formulate a basic hydrogen strategy.
- The country that scores first in Environment Performance Index (EPI) is
- Italy launched First ever mega food park processing in India named as ‘The Mega Food Park’ at Fanidhar in the Mehsana district
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