Crops in India fruit crops, vegetables, cereals, plantation crops and medicinal plants

Here’s a detailed list of important crops grown in India, including their botanical name, family, growing season, climate requirements, and duration:

Fruit crops in India

complete list of all fruits grown in India, along with their botanical names, growing seasons, and harvesting periods.

1. Tropical Fruits 🌴

Mango (Aam)

• Botanical Name: Mangifera indica
• Growing Season: Flowering (December–March), Fruit Development (March–June)
• Harvesting: April–July

Banana (Kela)

• Botanical Name: Musa paradisiaca
• Growing Season: Year-round, best planted in June–July
• Harvesting: 10–12 months after planting

Papaya (Papita)

• Botanical Name: Carica papaya
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: 8–10 months after planting

Pineapple (Ananas)

• Botanical Name: Ananas comosus
• Growing Season: June–July, September–October
• Harvesting: 15–18 months after planting

Guava (Amrud)

• Botanical Name: Psidium guajava
• Growing Season: Rainy season (June–September) and winter season (November–February)
• Harvesting: 4–5 months after flowering

Jackfruit (Kathal)

• Botanical Name: Artocarpus heterophyllus
• Growing Season: March–April
• Harvesting: June–August

Custard Apple (Sitaphal)

• Botanical Name: Annona squamosa
• Growing Season: June–July
• Harvesting: September–November

Sapota (Chikoo)

• Botanical Name: Manilkara zapota
• Growing Season: Flowering occurs twice a year (July–September, February–March)
• Harvesting: 8–10 months after flowering

2. Citrus Fruits 🍊🍋

Orange (Santra)

• Botanical Name: Citrus sinensis
• Growing Season: June–July, February–March
• Harvesting: November–March

Lemon (Nimbu)

• Botanical Name: Citrus limon
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: 6–8 months after flowering

Sweet Lime (Mosambi)

• Botanical Name: Citrus limetta
• Growing Season: February–March, June–July
• Harvesting: 8–9 months after flowering

Grapefruit

• Botanical Name: Citrus paradisi
• Growing Season: February–March, June–July
• Harvesting: 10–12 months after flowering

3. Temperate Fruits ❄️

Apple (Seb)

• Botanical Name: Malus domestica
• Growing Season: Dormant season (December–January), Flowering (March–April)
• Harvesting: July–October

Pear (Nashpati)

• Botanical Name: Pyrus communis
• Growing Season: February–March
• Harvesting: June–August

Plum (Aloo Bukhara)

• Botanical Name: Prunus domestica
• Growing Season: February–March
• Harvesting: June–August

Peach (Aadoo)

• Botanical Name: Prunus persica
• Growing Season: February–March
• Harvesting: June–July

Cherry

• Botanical Name: Prunus avium
• Growing Season: February–March
• Harvesting: May–July

Walnut (Akhrot)

• Botanical Name: Juglans regia
• Growing Season: March–April
• Harvesting: August–September

Almond (Badam)

• Botanical Name: Prunus dulcis
• Growing Season: March–April
• Harvesting: August–September

4. Berries and Small Fruits 🍇

Grapes (Angoor)

• Botanical Name: Vitis vinifera
• Growing Season: September–October, February–March
• Harvesting: April–June

Strawberry

• Botanical Name: Fragaria × ananassa
• Growing Season: October–November
• Harvesting: February–April

Mulberry (Shahtoot)

• Botanical Name: Morus alba
• Growing Season: March–April
• Harvesting: May–June

Raspberry

• Botanical Name: Rubus idaeus
• Growing Season: March–April
• Harvesting: July–August

Blueberry

• Botanical Name: Vaccinium corymbosum
• Growing Season: February–March
• Harvesting: June–July

5. Dry Fruits and Nuts 🌰

Cashew Nut (Kaju)

• Botanical Name: Anacardium occidentale
• Growing Season: March–April
• Harvesting: May–June

Coconut (Nariyal)

• Botanical Name: Cocos nucifera
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: 10–12 months after flowering

Date Palm (Khajoor)

• Botanical Name: Phoenix dactylifera
• Growing Season: March–April
• Harvesting: September–November

Pistachio (Pista)

• Botanical Name: Pistacia vera
• Growing Season: March–April
• Harvesting: September–October

Betel Nut (Supari)

• Botanical Name: Areca catechu
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: 8–9 months after flowering

6. Exotic and Other Fruits 🥭🥝

Kiwi

• Botanical Name: Actinidia deliciosa
• Growing Season: February–March
• Harvesting: October–December

Dragon Fruit (Pitaya)

• Botanical Name: Hylocereus undatus
• Growing Season: April–June
• Harvesting: August–December

Avocado

• Botanical Name: Persea americana
• Growing Season: February–March
• Harvesting: June–August

Fig (Anjeer)

• Botanical Name: Ficus carica
• Growing Season: March–April
• Harvesting: June–September

Passion Fruit

• Botanical Name: Passiflora edulis
• Growing Season: March–April
• Harvesting: August–December

Here is a complete list of all cereals grown in India, along with their botanical names, growing seasons, and harvesting periods. 🌾🌱

Cereal crops in India

1. Major Cereal Crops 🌾

Rice (Paddy) – चावल

• Botanical Name: Oryza sativa
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July) & Rabi (November–December in some areas)
• Harvesting: September–October (Kharif), April–May (Rabi)

Wheat – गेहूं

• Botanical Name: Triticum aestivum
• Growing Season: Rabi (October–December)
• Harvesting: March–April

Maize (Corn) – मक्का

• Botanical Name: Zea mays
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July) & Rabi (October–November in some areas)
• Harvesting: September–October (Kharif), February–March (Rabi)

Barley – जौ

• Botanical Name: Hordeum vulgare
• Growing Season: Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: March–April

2. Minor Cereals (Millets) – मोटे अनाज 🌿

Sorghum (Jowar) – ज्वार

• Botanical Name: Sorghum bicolor
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July) & Rabi (September–October in some areas)
• Harvesting: September–October (Kharif), February–March (Rabi)

Pearl Millet (Bajra) – बाजरा

• Botanical Name: Pennisetum glaucum
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July)
• Harvesting: September–October

Finger Millet (Ragi) – रागी

• Botanical Name: Eleusine coracana
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July) & Rabi (September–October in some areas)
• Harvesting: October–December

Foxtail Millet (Kangni) – कंगनी

• Botanical Name: Setaria italica
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July)
• Harvesting: September–October

Barnyard Millet (Sanwa) – सांवा

• Botanical Name: Echinochloa frumentacea
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July)
• Harvesting: September–October

Little Millet (Kutki) – कुटकी

• Botanical Name: Panicum sumatrense
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July)
• Harvesting: September–October

Kodo Millet (Kodo) – कोदो

• Botanical Name: Paspalum scrobiculatum
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July)
• Harvesting: September–October

3. Pseudo-Cereals (Nutri-Cereals) – छद्म अनाज 🍚

Buckwheat (Kuttu) – कुट्टू

• Botanical Name: Fagopyrum esculentum
• Growing Season: Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: March–April

Amaranth (Rajgira) – राजगिरा

• Botanical Name: Amaranthus spp.
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July)
• Harvesting: September–October

Quinoa – किनोवा

• Botanical Name: Chenopodium quinoa
• Growing Season: Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: March–April

Here is a complete list of all pulses grown in India, along with their botanical names, growing seasons, and harvesting periods. 🌱🌾

Pulses crops in India

1. Major Pulses (Legumes) – दालें 🌿

Chickpea (Gram) – चना

• Botanical Name: Cicer arietinum
• Growing Season: Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: March–April

Pigeon Pea (Arhar/Tur) – अरहर/तूर

• Botanical Name: Cajanus cajan
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July)
• Harvesting: November–January

Green Gram (Moong) – मूंग

• Botanical Name: Vigna radiata
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July) & Rabi (March–April in some areas)
• Harvesting: September–October (Kharif), June–July (Rabi)

Black Gram (Urad) – उड़द

• Botanical Name: Vigna mungo
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July) & Rabi (October–November in some areas)
• Harvesting: September–October (Kharif), March–April (Rabi)

Lentil (Masoor) – मसूर

• Botanical Name: Lens culinaris
• Growing Season: Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: March–April

2. Minor Pulses – अन्य दलहन 🌾

Moth Bean (Moth) – मोठ

• Botanical Name: Vigna aconitifolia
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July)
• Harvesting: September–October

Horse Gram (Kulthi) – कुल्थी

• Botanical Name: Macrotyloma uniflorum
• Growing Season: Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: March–April

Field Pea (Matar) – मटर

• Botanical Name: Pisum sativum
• Growing Season: Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: February–March

Cowpea (Lobia) – लोबिया

• Botanical Name: Vigna unguiculata
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July) & Rabi (October–November in some areas)
• Harvesting: September–October (Kharif), March–April (Rabi)

Bengal Gram (Desi Chana) – देसी चना

• Botanical Name: Cicer arietinum
• Growing Season: Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: March–April

Here is a complete list of all plantation crops grown in India, along with their botanical names, growing seasons, and harvesting periods. 🌴🌱

Plantation crops in India

1. Major Plantation Crops – प्रमुख बागानी फसलें 🌿

Tea (चाय)

• Botanical Name: Camellia sinensis
• Growing Season: Throughout the year (Main flush: March–November)
• Harvesting: Plucking is done every 7–15 days (March–November)

Coffee (कॉफ़ी)

• Botanical Name: Coffea arabica (Arabica) & Coffea canephora (Robusta)
• Growing Season: June–October (Flowering after pre-monsoon showers)
• Harvesting: November–March (Arabica), December–April (Robusta)

Rubber (रबर)

• Botanical Name: Hevea brasiliensis
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: Tapping begins after 6–7 years, continues for 25–30 years (Peak: April–July)

Coconut (नारियल)

• Botanical Name: Cocos nucifera
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: Once in 45–60 days (Annual yield varies by variety)

Arecanut (सुपारी)

• Botanical Name: Areca catechu
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: September–March

Oil Palm (ऑइल पाम)

• Botanical Name: Elaeis guineensis
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: Every 10–15 days after 3 years of planting

Cashew (काजू)

• Botanical Name: Anacardium occidentale
• Growing Season: Flowering (December–February)
• Harvesting: March–May

Cocoa (कोकोआ)

• Botanical Name: Theobroma cacao
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: October–March

2. Minor Plantation Crops – अन्य बागानी फसलें 🌾

Black Pepper (काली मिर्च)

• Botanical Name: Piper nigrum
• Growing Season: Monsoon (June–August)
• Harvesting: December–February

Cardamom (इलायची)

• Botanical Name: Elettaria cardamomum
• Growing Season: June–July (Flowering)
• Harvesting: October–February

Clove (लौंग)

• Botanical Name: Syzygium aromaticum
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: December–February

Nutmeg (जायफल)

• Botanical Name: Myristica fragrans
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: June–August

Vanilla (वनीला)

• Botanical Name: Vanilla planifolia
• Growing Season: Monsoon (June–July)
• Harvesting: After 8–9 months of flowering (March–May)

Cinnamon (दालचीनी)

• Botanical Name: Cinnamomum verum
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: Bark is stripped every 2 years

Betel Vine (पान)

• Botanical Name: Piper betle
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: Every 3–4 months

Here is a complete list of all fiber crops grown in India, along with their botanical names, growing seasons, and harvesting periods. 🌿🧵

Fiber crops in India

1. Major Fiber Crops – प्रमुख रेशेदार फसलें

Cotton (कपास)

• Botanical Name: Gossypium spp. (Gossypium hirsutum, G. arboreum, G. barbadense, G. herbaceum)
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July)
• Harvesting: October–March

Jute (जूट)

• Botanical Name: Corchorus capsularis & Corchorus olitorius
• Growing Season: Kharif (March–June)
• Harvesting: July–October

Flax (Alsi) – अलसी (for fiber production)

• Botanical Name: Linum usitatissimum
• Growing Season: Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: March–April

Coir (from Coconut) – नारियल रेशा

• Botanical Name: Cocos nucifera
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: Every 45–60 days

2. Minor Fiber Crops – अन्य रेशेदार फसलें

Sunhemp (सन)

• Botanical Name: Crotalaria juncea
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July)
• Harvesting: October–November

Sisal (सिसल)

• Botanical Name: Agave sisalana
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: Every 2–3 years

Ramie (रामी)

• Botanical Name: Boehmeria nivea
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: Every 2–3 months

Hemp (गांजा/भांग – Industrial use)

• Botanical Name: Cannabis sativa
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July)
• Harvesting: October–November

This is a comprehensive list of all fiber crops grown in India, covering botanical names, growing seasons, and harvesting periods. 🌾

Oilseed crops in India

Here is a complete list of all oilseed crops grown in India, along with their botanical names, growing seasons, and harvesting periods. 🌱🛢️

1. Major Oilseed Crops – प्रमुख तिलहन फसलें

Groundnut (मूंगफली)

• Botanical Name: Arachis hypogaea
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July) & Rabi (November–December)
• Harvesting: October–January (Kharif), March–May (Rabi)

Mustard & Rapeseed (सरसों और रेपसीड)

• Botanical Name: Brassica juncea, Brassica rapa, Brassica napus, Brassica carinata
• Growing Season: Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: February–April

Soybean (सोयाबीन)

• Botanical Name: Glycine max
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July)
• Harvesting: September–October

Sunflower (सूरजमुखी)

• Botanical Name: Helianthus annuus
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July) & Rabi (January–February)
• Harvesting: September–October (Kharif), April–May (Rabi)

Sesame (तिल)

• Botanical Name: Sesamum indicum
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July) & Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: September–October (Kharif), February–March (Rabi)

Safflower (करडई / कुसुम)

• Botanical Name: Carthamus tinctorius
• Growing Season: Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: February–March

Linseed (अलसी – for oil production)

• Botanical Name: Linum usitatissimum
• Growing Season: Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: March–April

2. Minor Oilseed Crops – अन्य तिलहन फसलें

Castor (अरंडी)

• Botanical Name: Ricinus communis
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July) & Rabi (October–November)
• Harvesting: January–April

Niger (Ramtil) – रामतिल / नाइजर

• Botanical Name: Guizotia abyssinica
• Growing Season: Kharif (June–July)
• Harvesting: October–November

Oil Palm (ऑइल पाम – Industrial use)

• Botanical Name: Elaeis guineensis
• Growing Season: Throughout the year
• Harvesting: Every 10–15 days

This is a comprehensive list of all oilseed crops grown in India, covering botanical names, growing seasons, and harvesting periods. 🌾

Medicinal Plants in India