Indian Agriculture mcq pdf For IBPS AFO, NABARD & Agri Exam

Agriculture mcq pdf For IBPS AFO, NABARD & Agri Exam

Q.1) Protein content of wheat grain is approximately

[A] 12%
[B] 15%
[C] 21%
[D] 25%
[E] 31%

Ans: – [A] 12%

• On an average, the kernel contains 12 percent water, 70 percent carbohydrates, 12 percent protein, 2 percent fat, 1.8 percent minerals, and 2.2 percent crude fibres. Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and small amounts of vitamin A are present, but the milling processes removes most of those nutrients with the bran and germ. 

Q.2) To which of the following farming systems, mixed farming belongs?

[A] Commercial system
[B] Semi commercial system
[C] Traditional system
[D] Alternative system
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [B] Semi commercial system

• Traditional farming system – the farming is done in the most traditional way possible without any hint of modern techniques.
Examples: Shifting cultivation, Subsistence farming and Nomadic herding.
• Semi commercial farming system – This is midway between Traditional and commercial. It is a mix of both. It can be classified into 2 types: mixed system and cropping system.

• Mixed system include Agrisilvicultural, Silvipastoral, Agrisilvipastoral systems and examples of cropping system are rice based, root based and grain legume based cropping systems.
• Commercial systems include perennial crops and livestock.
• Alternative system is a systematic approach to farming intended to reduce agricultural pollution, enhance sustainability, and improve efficiency and profitability.

Q.3) The system of growing jowar, maize, bajra or any other arable crop in the passage between two rows of leguminous shrubs like subabul (Leucaena leucacephala) is called as ________

[A] Ley farming
[B] Alley cropping
[C] Companion cropping
[D] Guard cropping
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [B] Alley cropping

• Alley crop: Planting of two or more sets of single or multiple rows of trees or shrubs at wide spacings, creating alleys within which agricultural, horticultural, or forage crops are cultivated.
• Companion crop: Seeds of different crops are not mixed together but different crops are sown in different rows is called as companion crop
• Guard crop: The main crop is sown in the centre, surrounded by hardy crop to provide protection to main crop is called as guard crop. E.g., Safflower around wheat, mesta around sugarcane
• Ley farming: This is a crop rotation system in which a grass-legume mixture is grown in rotation with agricultural crops

Q.4) Who was the first person to attempt the classification of climate around 1900 A. D.?

[A] Koppen
[B] De Candole
[C] Thornwaite
[D] Troll
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [B] De Candole

There are various classifications put forth by different people.

• De Candole was the first person to attempt the classification of climate around 1900 A.D. mainly based on vegetation.
• Koppen (1884 with modifications done later in 1918 and 1936) was the first person to classify climate based on weather elements.
• Subsequently, about 50 classifications were proposed by different scientists and most of these classifications took precipitation or temperature or both as the important weather elements.
• Among these, the most widely accepted ones were that of Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s classifications.
• The classification suitable for agricultural purpose was proposed by Troll (1965).

Q.5) Seed rate for a crop depends upon

1. Germination percentage of seed
2. Size of the seed
3. Growing habit of crop
4. Plant vigour

[A] Only 1
[B] 1 and 2
[C] 1, 2 and 3
[D] 1, 2, 3 and 4
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [D] 1, 2, 3 and 4

• Seed rate: Number of seeds planted per hectare (ha) to ensure normal density of crops and a maximum yield. It is expressed by the weight of the seeds (kg) in a particular area(usually hectares).
• The seed rate depends on germination of the seed, size of the seed, growing habit of the crop, plant vigour, etc.
• Extremes from the recommended seed rate (i.e. too high or too low) affect the plant population & then yield of crop.
Example: higher seed rate will influence higher plant population/unit area. It results in heavy competition within the crop plants and suppresses the crop growth.

Q.6) Excess water may occupy most soil pores and cause less aeration of roots which is detrimental for plant growth, many complications may occur in plants when oxygen content of soil is low and reaches a level below______

[A] 2%
[B] 5%
[C] 10%
[D] 20%
[E] 50%

Ans: – [A] 2%

• When the oxygen content of the soil is limited, the growth of most crops is affected and stops when oxygen content reaches a level below 2 percent. Under field condition, exclusion of oxygen takes place because of excess amount of water in the soil.

• Root growth is decreased due to decrease in oxygen and increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide. Germination is also inhibited in the absence of oxygen.

Q.7) When a water-bearing rock readily transmits water to wells and springs, it is called

[A] Solum
[B] Aquifer
[C] Regolith
[D] Field capacity
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [B] Aquifer

• An aquifer is a body of rock and/or sediment that holds groundwater. An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials. Groundwater is the word used to describe precipitation that has infiltrated the soil beyond the surface and collected in empty spaces underground.

• There are two general types of aquifers: confined and unconfined.

Q.8) Which of the following is not an advantage of specialized farming system?

[A] Better use of land
[B] Less equipment and labour
[C] Increased efficiency of labours
[D] Easy maintenance of farm records
[E] Income once or twice a year

Ans: – [E] Income once or twice a year

Advantages of specialized farming system

• Better use of land: More profitable to grow crops on land best suited to it. E.g. jute growing or cultivation on swampy land in west Bengal.
• Better marketing: It allows grading, processing, storing, transporting and financing the produce.
• Less equipment and labour.
• Costly and efficient machinery can be kept: A wheat harvester thresher can be maintained in a highly specialized wheat farm.
• The efficiency and skill of the labour increased: Specialization allows a man to be more efficient and expert at doing a few things.
• Farm records can be maintained easily.
• Intensity of production leads to relatively large amount of output.
• Better management: fewer enterprises on the farm are liable to be less neglected and sources of wastage can easily be detected

Q.9) Excess Zinc decrease the bioavailability of

[A] Calcium
[B] Boron
[C] Iron
[D] Manganese
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [C] Iron

• Deficiency: Upper leaves will show chlorosis on midrib. Veins green and dead spots occur in all parts of leaf (veins, tips and margins). Plants appear bushy due to reduced intermodal elongation. ‘White bud of maize’ is caused by the deficiency.
• Excess: Iron (Fe) deficiency will develop.

Q.10) Which layer/horizon of soil contains partly decomposed organic debris, Humus and most of soil flora and fauna?

[A] O horizon
[B] A horizon
[C] B horizon
[D] C horizon
[E] R horizon

Ans: – [A] O horizon

• O horizon is surface layer. It is basically organic horizon consist of mostly organic matter such as decomposing leaves.
• A horizon is topsoil layer consist of mostly minerals from parent material with organic matter incorporated.
• B horizon is subsoil layer/Illuvial horizon. Rich in minerals that are leached down from upper horizons and accumulated.
• C horizon is parent material from which soil developed
• R horizon is Bedrock. A mass of rock such as granite, basalt, quartzite, limestone or sandstone that forms the parent material for some soils – if the bedrock is close enough to the surface to weather. This is not soil and is located under the C horizon.
• E horizon is eluviated one. Leaching of clay, minerals, and organic matter, leaving a concentration of sand and silt particles of quartz or other resistant materials – missing in some soils but often found in older soils and forest soils

Q.11) Identify the correct sequence of area under different types of wheat grown in India in decreasing order

[A] T. aestivum, T. dicoccum, T. durum
[B] T. aestivum, T. durum, T. dicoccum
[C] T.durum, T. dicoccum, T. aestivum
[D] T. aestivum, T. Spherococcum, T. durum
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [B] T. aestivum, T. durum, T. dicoccum

Q.12) Which of the following is a basic input of agriculture

[A] Seed
[B] Fertilizer
[C] Soil
[D] Irrigation
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [A] Seed

• Seed is a basic input in agriculture. Seed is an embryo, a living organism embedded in the supporting or the food storage tissue. In seed, the importance is given to the biological existence whereas; in grain the importance is given to the supporting tissue–the economic produce.

• Seed is defined as:

• A ripened ovule or a fertilized matured ovule containing embryo which has developed after fertilisation.
• The dry dispersal unit or matured ovule developed after fertilization
• Any part (or) organ of plant which has the capability to regenerate into a new plant
• A propagule responsible for maintaining the intrinsic (or) genetic qualities of the variety / hybrid.
• An ‘embryo’, a living organism embedded in the supporting (or) the food storage tissue and a protective coat

Q.13) Aluminium toxicity is observed in

[A] Gelisols
[B] Mollisols
[C] Alfisols
[D] Aridisols
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [C] Alfisols

• Alfisols are acidic in nature and rich in aluminium. Aluminium (Al) toxicity is the most common cause of growth reduction on strongly acid soils.
• When the soil pH is lower than 5, Al3+ is released to the soil and enters into root tip cell ceases root development of plant.

• In acid soil with high mineral content, Al is the major cause of phytotoxicity.

Q.14) Cover crops are

[A] Close growing crop grown primarily to improve or protect the soil from erosion through their ground
covering foliage and/ or rootmats

[B] A plant grown as low cost and low maintenance harvest used to make bio- fuels, or directly exploited for its
energy content

[C] Any crop or combination of crop is grown for grazing or harvesting for immediate or future feeding to
Livestock

[D] Crops are grown to conserve the soil moisture through their ground covering foliage

[E] None of the above

Ans; – [A] Close growing crop grown primarily to improve or protect the soil from erosion through their ground covering foliage and/ or rootmats

• Cover crops – A close growing crop grown primarily to improve or protect the soil from erosion through their ground covering foliage and/ or rootmats between periods of regular crop production. Examples: Lobia, groundnut, urd, sweet potato, methi etc.

Q.15) SRR (Seed replacement rate) is the percentage of area sown out of total area of crop planted in the season by using certified / quality seeds other than the farm saved seeds. SRR is directly proportional to

[A] Number of crops sown in a year
[B] Productivity
[C] Number of varieties released in a year
[D] Viability of seed
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [B] Productivity

Seed replacement rate is the percentage of area sown out of total area of crop planted in the season by using certified / quality seeds other than the farm saved seeds.

• SRR = X / Y x 100
• Where, X = Quantity of farmer saved seed; Y = Quantity of quality seeds of a particular variety reported to cover a given area.

• Since certified seeds are better in productivity, the Seed Replacement Rate is directly proportional to productivity.

• Thus, higher the Seed Replacement Ratio, higher is production as well as productivity and higher are chances of achieving nutritional security, food security and containing food price inflation. SRR of some common field crops:

• Paddy – 17
• Bajra – 8
• Maize – 6
• Blackgram – 17.7
• Sunflower – 50
• Groundnut – 5

Q.16) PGS is a process of certifying organic products, which ensures that their production takes place in accordance with laiddown quality standards. The certification is in the form of a documented logo or a statement. Full form of PGS is

[A] Participatory Guarantee Scheme
[B] Particular Guarantee System
[C] Participatory Guarantee System
[D] Participatory Guarantee Scale
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [C] Participatory Guarantee System

• PGS is a process of certifying organic products, which ensures that their production takes place in accordance with laiddown quality standards. The certification is in the form of a documented logo or a statement.

• “Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS) are locally focused quality assurance systems. They certify producers based on active participation of stakeholders and are built on a foundation of trust, social networks and knowledge exchange.”

• To promote organic farming and domestic organic market a free / no cost domestic organic certification system called Participatory Guarantee system-India (PGS-India) in India is being implemented by Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Government of India through National Centre of Organic Farming (NCOF), Ghaziabad and its seven Regional Centres (Ghaziabad -Head Quarter, Bangalore, Nagpur, Jabalpur, Panchkula, Bhubaneswar & Imphal).

Q.17) Response of plants to direction of light is observed in some plants like Sunflower. This phenomenon is known as

[A] Geotropism
[B] Hydrotropism
[C] Chemotropism
[D] Phototropism
[E] None of the above

Ans:- [D] Phototropism

• Geotropism – Response to gravity
• Hydrotropism – Response to water
• Chemotropism – Response to a particular substance
• Phototropism – Response to light

Q.18) Before green revolution, wheat fields of Indian subcontinent were dominated by a low yielding wheat species with tall plants, also known as Indian dwarf wheat or club wheat. Name that species

[A] Triticum aestivum
[B] T. dicoccum
[C] T. durum
[D] T. Spherococcum
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [D] T. Spherococcum

• Triticum sphaerococcum once dominated the Indian fields, it has tall plants with less grain production and due to which Indian wheat production was not sufficient to feed population and import of wheat from USA was there.

Q.19) Which of the following is/are agronomic measure/s for Soil and Water Conservation in Dryland Agriculture?

[A] Summer ploughing
[B] Contour farming
[C] Crop rotation
[D] Mulching
[E] All of the above

Ans: – [E] All of the above

There are two types of soil and water conservation methods i.e. Agronomic Measures and Engineering Measures.
• Agronomic Measures – Summer ploughing, ridges and furrows, contour farming, ploughing across the slope, intercropping, crop rotation, strip cropping, mulching, chisel ploughing.
• Engineering Measures – Contour bunding, contour trenches, bench terracing, farm ponds, check dams.

Q.20) Cropping pattern is defined as

[A] A method of growing different crops vertically
[B] Proportion of land under cultivation of different crops at a point of time
[C] The proportion of area under different crops
[D] Percentage ratio of gross cropped area to net cropped area
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [B] Proportion of land under cultivation of different crops at a point of time

• Cropping pattern is a dynamic concept because it changes over space and time. It can be defined as the proportion of area under various crops at a point of time. In other words, it is a yearly sequence and spatial arrangement of sowing and fallow on a given area. In India, the cropping pattern determined by rainfall, climate, temperature, soil type and technology.

Q.21) In transplanted puddled low land rice, optimum age for transplanting of seedlings in short duration crop is

[A] 10 – 12 days
[B] 12 – 15 days
[C] 18 – 22 days
[D] 25 – 30 days
[E] 35 – 40 days

Ans; – [C] 18 – 22 days

• Maximum area under rice is in Asia. Among the rice growing countries, India has the largest area followed by China and Indonesia.

Q.22) Isolation distance kept for seed production of self-pollinated crops like Paddy, Wheat, Ragi and Groundnut is

[A] 3 m
[B] 10 m
[C] 100 m
[D] 500 m
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [A] 3 m

• The distance maintained between the seed crops and the different varieties of the same crop located in the adjacent area in order to maintain the genetic purity of the seeds. Isolation distance is based on the pollination behaviour, pollinating agent, flying capacity of the pollen, stages of seed crop and nature of variety or hybrid.

Maintaining appropriate isolation distance avoids cross pollination and crossing of genes.
• Two types of isolation are followed
1. Space isolation (planting distance)
2. Time isolation (difference in the time of sowing)

Q.23) Harvesting of groundnut crop has to be commenced when _____percent of pods reach maturity.

[A] 25%
[B] 40%
[C] 50%
[D] 75%
[E] 90%

Ans: – [D] 75%

• When a high percentage of pods (about 75%) matures, harvesting has to be commenced

Q.24) In which phase of watershed management, attention is paid to agriculture and forest management and production, forage production and pasture management, socio-economic conditions to achieve the objectives of watershed management?

[A] Recognition phase
[B] Restoration phase
[C] Protection phase
[D] Improvement phase
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [D] Improvement phase

• Recognition Phase – Necessary information is obtained from different surveys like soil survey, land capability survey, agronomic survey, forest, engineering and socio-economic survey, etc. This information serves as a basis for fixing and determining the watershed problems, priorities in land treatment measures, and causes and effects of problems on land and people.

• Restoration Phase – It includes two main steps:
• Selection of best solution to problems identified
• Application of the solution to the problems of the land
• As per the priorities, treatment applied initially to critical areas. After this proper measures like biological and engineering measures are applied to all types of lands
• Protection Phase – This phase takes care of the general health of the watershed and ensures normal functioning. The protection is against all factors which may cause determined in watershed condition.
• Improvement Phase – This phase deals with overall improvement in the watershed and all land is covered. Attention is paid to agriculture and forest management and production, forage production and pasture management, socio economic conditions to achieve the objectives of watershed management. Health, family planning, improving cattle, poultry, etc. are taken depending upon intensity

Q.25) Which pair of wheat varieties released from IARI occupy roughly 40% of total wheat area in India ?

[A] Sonalika & Lerma roja
[B] Sharbati sonara & Kalyan sona
[C] Pusa Yashasvi and Pusa Gautami
[D] HD-2967 & HD-3086
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [D] HD-2967 & HD-3086

• With the release of HD-2967 (Pusa Borlaug) in 2011-12 and HD-3086 (Pusa Gautami) in 2013-14, these varieties occupied roughly 40% of the country’s total wheat area.

Q.26) Which of the following concentrated manures contain maximum quantity of P2O5 ?

[A] Bird guano
[B] Fish guano
[C] Raw bonemeal
[D] Rock Phosphate
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [D] Rock Phosphate

NPK ratios of important Concentrated Organic Manures

• Bird Guano: The excreta and dead remain of the bird. 7-8% N, 11-14% P2O5 & 2-3% K2O.
• Fish Guano: The refuse left over after the extraction of oil from the fish in factories, is dried in paved yards and used as manure 7% N & 8% P2O5.
• Fish Manure: 4-10% N, 3-9% P2O5 & 0.3-1.5% K2O.
• Raw Bonemeal: 3-4% N, 20-25% P2O5.
• Steamed Bonemeal: 1-2% N, 25-30% P2O5.
• Blood meal: 13-20% N, rich in iron and its application gives a deep rich colour to the foliage, much appreciated by ornamental gardeners.
• Meat meal/guano/tankage: 8-9% N and 7 % P2O5.
• Calcined bone: 37% P2O5
• Rock Phosphate: 30 – 40% P2O5

Q.27) Calculate the quantity of maize seed for sowing 1 hectare of crop from the following: spacing = 75cm×20cm germination% = 90% purity percentage = 90% test weight = 250g seed required for gap filling=5% of total weight of seeds

[A] 11 kg
[B] 26 kg
[C] 33 kg
[D] 43 kg
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [E] None of the above

• Plant population = 10000 m / 0.75𝑚×0.2𝑚 = 66666.67
• Seed rate = (66666.67×250×100×100)/ (90×90×1000×1000) = 20.576 kg
• Amount of seed required for Gap filling = 5/100 ×20.576= 1.028 kg
• Total seed required for 1 hectare area = 20.576+1.028=21.604≈ 22kg/ha

Q.28) In which of the following layer communication satellites located?

[A] Troposphere
[B] Stratosphere
[C] Mesosphere
[D] Thermosphere
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [D] Thermosphere

• Communication satellites are located in Thermosphere. This layer of atmosphere extends from 80km- 400km. It contains electrically charged particles known as ions, and hence, it is also known as ionosphere.

Q.29) Which of the following is an example of companion cropping?

[A] Wheat + Mustard
[B] Wheat + Chickpea
[C] Potato + Radish
[D] Potato + Sugarcane
[E] All of the above

Ans: – [D] Potato + Sugarcane

• Companion cropping: – System in which production of both intercrops is equal to that of its solid planting is called as companion cropping. e.g. Mustard/Potato/Onion + Sugarcane

Q.30) Irrigation intensity can be defined as

[A] The ratio of gross sown (total) area to the net sown area expressed as a percentage
[B] the total gross area actually irrigated by a project/scheme during the agricultural year under consideration
[C] The ratio of gross irrigated (total) area to the net irrigated area expressed as a percentage
[D] The process of distribution of irrigation water
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [C] The ratio of gross irrigated (total) area to the net irrigated area expressed as a percentage

• Intensity of irrigation is defined as the percentage of the irrigation proposed to be irrigated annually. It is the ratio of gross irrigated (total) area to the net irrigated area expressed as a percentage.

Q.31) Which of the following class of seed is not matched correctly with its tag colour?

[A] Breeder seed – Golden yellow tag
[B] Foundation seed – White tag
[C] Certified seed – Blue tag
[D] Registered seed – Purple tag
[E] All of the above are correctly matched

Ans: – [E] All of the above are correctly matched

Q.32) Nutritional composition of raw cashewnut is

[A] 15% water, 10% carbohydrates, 30% fat and 44% protein
[B] 5% water, 30% carbohydrates, 44% fat and 18% protein
[C] 25% water, 30% carbohydrates, 50% fat and 10% protein
[D] 5% water, 10% carbohydrates, 24% fat and 48% protein
[E] 5% water, 30% carbohydrates, 25% fat and 28% protein

Ans: – [B] 5% water, 30% carbohydrates, 44% fat and 18% protein

• · Raw cashews are 5% water, 30% carbohydrates, 44% fat, and 18% protein

Q.33) Which of the following is a sub-surface irrigation method?

[A] Flood irrigation
[B] Furrow irrigation
[C] Border irrigation
[D] Basin irrigation
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [E] None of the above

• Types of irrigation:
1. Surface irrigation – Flood irrigation, Basin irrigation, Border irrigation, Furrow irrigation, Surge irrigation
2. Sub surface irrigation – Natural sub – surface irrigation, Artificial sub surface irrigation.
3. Pressurized irrigation – Drip irrigation, Sprinkler irrigation

Q.34) Complex fertilizers contain two or three primary plant nutrients of which two primary nutrients are in chemical combination. These fertilisers are usually produced in granular form. Which among the following is/are complex fertilizer/s?

[A] Urea
[B] Ammonium Sulphate
[C] Ammonium Phosphate
[D] Potassium Chloride
[E] All of the above

Ans: – [C] Ammonium Phosphate

• Urea contains amide Nitrogen (46%) only.
• Ammonium Sulphate has both Ammonium Nitrogen (Primary nutrient) and Sulphur (Secondary nutrient).
• Potassium Chloride consist of Potassium (Primary nutrient) and Chloride(micronutrient).
• Ammonium Phosphate is made up of two primary nutrients Ammonium Nitrogen and Phosphorus.

Q.35) For transplanted crops, as a thumb rule how much area should be taken for raising nursery?

[A] 1/20 of total field area in which crop is to be sown
[B] 1/10 of total field area in which crop is to be sown
[C] 1/5 of total field area in which crop is to be sown
[D] 1/100 of total field area in which crop is to be sown
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [B] 1/10 of total field area in which crop is to be sown

• After the nursery period, seedlings are pulled out and transplanted. An area 1/10th of the total area is taken for sowing nursery. If you want to sow seeds in 1ha land then your Nursery for transplanting the same should be 1000 sqm (since 1ha= 10000sqm).

Q.36) Which cropping system is most popular in irrigated plains of North India?

[A] Wheat – Sugarcane
[B] Wheat – Rice
[C] Potato – Rice
[D] Paddy – Mustard
[E] Wheat – Maize

Ans: – [B] Wheat – Rice

• The Rice-Wheat based Cropping Systems (RWCS) in India have significantly contributed in enhancing the food grain production and achieving the food self-sufficiency and food security. Major Rice-Wheat growing states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal.

• Wheat – Rice cropping system is most common in North Indian plains. Rice – Rice cropping system is prevalent in irrigated plains of Eastern India. Maize-Wheat is the most important cropping systems (after Rice-Wheat and Rice-Rice that contributes about 3% in the national food basket). Rice – Lentil is adopted in upland conditions

Q.37) A type of seed with shorter life span which cannot be stored for long time and need to be sown soon after harvest/extraction from fruit is__________

[A] Orthodox seed
[B] Monocotyledonous seed
[C] Recalcitrant seed
[D] Dicotyledonous seed
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [C] Recalcitrant seed

• Recalcitrant seeds are remarkably short-lived which cannot be dried to moisture content below 20-30% without injury and are unable to tolerate freezing. Recalcitrant seeds are therefore, also termed as desiccation sensitive seeds. It is because of their high moisture content that encourages microbial contamination and results in more rapid seed deterioration. Secondly, storage of recalcitrant seeds at freezing temperatures causes the formation of ice-crystals which disrupt cell membranes and causes freezing injury. Some common examples of plants that produce recalcitrant seeds (which are generally larger than orthodox seeds) include, avocado, cacao, coconut, jackfruit, lychee, mango, rubber, tea, some horticultural trees, and several plants used in traditional medicine.

• Orthodox seeds are long-lived seeds and can be successfully dried to moisture contents as low as 5% without injury and are able to tolerate freezing. Orthodox seeds are therefore, also termed as desiccation tolerant seeds. Orthodox seeds include for example, tomatoes, key lime (Citrus aurantifolia), Capsicum (Capsicum annum), Firebush (Hamelia patens), Lantana (Lantana camera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) and most grains and legume types. The life span of orthodox seeds may vary from over a year to many hundred years depending upon the particular species and storage conditions.

Q.38) According to IMD, a situation when the seasonal rainfall received over the area is less than 75% of its long term average value.

[A] Socio Economic Drought
[B] Agricultural Drought
[C] Hydrological Drought
[D] Meteorological Drought
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [D] Meteorological Drought

• IMD is headquartered in Delhi and operates hundreds of observation stations across India and Antarctica.
• IMD is also one of the six Regional Specialised Meteorological Centres of the World Meteorological Organization (headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland)

Q.39) Water requirements of a crop is the quantity of water needed for normal crop growth and yield in a period of time to a place and may be supplied by precipitation or by irrigation or by both. Which of the following crop has highest water requirement?

[A] Rice
[B] Maize
[C] Sugarcane
[D] Cotton
[E] Sunflower

Ans: – [C] Sugarcane

• Water requirements of a crop is the quantity of water needed for average crop growth and yield in a period of time to a place and may be supplied by precipitation or by irrigation or by both.
• Water Requirement = IW + ER + S
• IW – Irrigation Water in cm
• ER – Effective Rainfall in cm
• S – Soil profile contribution

Q.40) Urea and DAP are classified as _______.

[A] Binary fertilizers
[B] Ternary fertilizers
[C] Complete fertilizers
[D] Low analysis fertilizers
[E] High analysis fertilizers

Ans: – [E] High analysis fertilizers

• Urea and DAP (Di Ammonium Phosphate) contain primary nutrients Nitrogen and Phosphorus in quantity more than 25% that’s why they are classified under High analysis fertilizers. DAP can also be put under binary fertilizers as it contains two major nutrients (Urea and Phosphorus)

Q.41) Which of the following is generally measured using a dynamometer?

[A] Indicated Horsepower
[B] Frictional Horsepower
[C] Brake Horsepower
[D] Electrical Power
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [C] Brake Horsepower

• Brake Horsepower is the power delivered by the engine at the end of the crankshaft. It is measured by a dynamometer.

Q.42) Loose smut is a common disease in wheat and barley, it is a _________

[A] Internally seed borne disease
[B] Externally seed borne disease
[C] Air borne disease
[D] Soil borne disease
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [A] Internally seed borne disease

• Plant diseases in which the spores of pathogen are spread through seed carrying it either internally(embryo) or
externally (on surface of seed). These seed borne pathogens cause diseases like seed rots, seedling decay, reduced seed size etc. Some common seed borne diseases are Late blight of Potato, Brown spot of rice, Blast of rice, Downey mildew of pearl millet, Loose smut of wheat etc. Loose smut of Wheat is caused by Ustilago tritici.

• Loose smut of barley and wheat are internally seed-borne and carried as a small colony of fungus inside the seed embryo rather than as spores on the seed coat.

Q.43) Which of the following is not a factor affecting germination of seed?

[A] Soil
[B] Moisture
[C] Temperature
[D] Light
[E] Relative Humidity

Ans: – [E] Relative Humidity

Factors effecting germination process

The following are the various factors effecting germination process in various crop plants.

1. Soil: Soil type, texture, structure and microorganisms greatly influence the seed germination.
2. Moisture: When the seeds do not get required moisture in the soil, the viability is lost. When the moisture is excess after germination, it will lead to rotting of the sprouts.
3. Temperature: When it is above and below the optimum temperature, the germination rate is affected.
4. Light: The most effective wavelength for promoting germination is red (662 nm) and 730 nm inhibits
germination.
5. Soil condition: Soil tilth and depth of sowing directly effects the seed germination.

Q.44) In a standard disc plough, the angle at which the plane of the cutting edge of the disc is inclined to the direction of travel is known as

[A] Disc angle
[B] Tilt angle
[C] Vertical angle
[D] Standard angle
[E] Plough angle

Ans: – [A] Disc angle

• Disc angle: It is the angle at which the plane of the cutting edge of the disc is inclined to the direction of travel. Usually the disc angle of good plough varies between 42 to 45◦.

Q.45) Seeds which are larger in size and cannot be handled using a seed drill can be sown using a

[A] Puddler
[B] Planter
[C] Seed cum ferti drill
[D] Cultivator
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [B] Planter

• Planter is a sowing equipment used for sowing those seeds which are larger in size and cannot be handled by seed drills.
• Row to row and plant to plant spacing is maintained in a planter.
• Potato planter, maize planter, cotton planter are the commonly used equipment.
• Functions of a planter:
1. to open the furrow
2. to meter the seed
3. to deposit the seed in the furrow
4. to cover the seed and compact the soil over the seed

Q.46) The first Indian fisheries act was passed in

[A] 1914
[B] 1897
[C] 1901
[D] 1938
[E] 1948

Ans: – [B] 1897

• Various state governments have issued regulations under the Indian Fisheries Act 1897 for regulation and protection of fisheries.

Q.47) Which of the following crop has maximum water use efficiency?

[A] Rice
[B] Groundnut
[C] Maize
[D] Fingermillet
[E] Sorghum

Ans: – [D] Finger millet

Q.48) Tetrazolium test is a test in which a colourless tetrazolium solution is used as an indicator producing in living cells a red, stable and non-diffusible substance named______

[A] Corazan
[B] Formaldehyde
[C] Formazan
[D] Dihydrogenase
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [C] Formazan

• Tetrazolium test is a test of seed viability in which a colourless tetrazolium solution is used as an indicator to
detect a red, stable and non-diffusible substance named Formazan that is produced in living cells . Thus, it is
possible to distinguish the red coloured living tissues from the colourless dead ones and seeds are classified
into viable and non-viable seed classes.

Q.49) Which of the following instruments is used to measure altitude of a place (above Mean Sea Level)?

[A] Altimeter
[B] Anemometer
[C] Hygrometer
[D] Lysimeter
[E] Peizometer

Ans: – [A] Altimeter

• Altimeter – Height above mean sea level
• Anemometer – Wind speed
• Hygrometer – Relative Humidity
• Lysimeter – Evapotranspiration
• Peizometer – Depth of water table

Q.50) Which of the following is not one of the four phases involved in watershed management?

[A] Recognition phase
[B] Restoration phase
[C] Protection Phase
[D] Perfection phase
[E] Improvement phase

Ans: – [D] Perfection phase

• Watershed management involves determination of alternative land treatment measures for, which information about problems of land, soil, water, and vegetation in the watershed is essential.

• In order to have a practical solution to above problem it is necessary to go through four phases for a full scale watershed management.

• Four phases of the programme are:

1. Recognition phase
2. Restoration phase
3. Protection phase
4. Improvement phase

Q.51) Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) is located in

[A] New Delhi
[B] Dehradun
[C] Bangluru
[D] Jaipur
[E] Chennai

Ans: – [A] New Delhi

• Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA): IREDA is a Non-Banking Financial Institution under the
administrative control of this Ministry for providing term loans for renewable energy and energy efficiency projects.
• Headquarters location: New Delhi
• Founded: 11 March 1987

Q.52) SMR (Seed Multiplication Ratio) is the number of seeds to be produced from a single seed when it is sown and harvested. Which of the following crop has maximum SMR?

[A] Paddy
[B] Maize
[C] Bajra
[D] Ragi
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [C] Bajra

• SMR = Seed Yield/Seed Rate
• Number of seeds to be produced from a single seed when it is sown and harvested. According to expert group of seeds (1989), the seed multiplication ratio for different crops are as follows.

Q.53) Variable speed engines are used in

[A] Trucks only
[B] All two-wheeler vehicles
[C] All four-wheeler vehicles
[D] Tractors
[E] All of the above

Ans: – [D] Tractors

• Agricultural tractors are multi-purpose machines used for performing various types of field operations. Different field operations subject agricultural tractors to varying workloads, which results in varying levels of fuel consumption under different conditions. These conditions include engine speed, soil condition, implementation type, and transmission gear step. Even though the same field operations may be conducted, workload and fuel consumption characteristics change frequently, and proper adjustments to operating conditions increase tractor fuel efficiency.

Q.54) Temperature in the Troposphere layer generally decreases with height, called as Normal Lapse Rate. What is the lapse rate at which the temperature decreases for every 1 km increase in height?

[A] 2.4 degree centigrade
[B] 3.5 degree centigrade
[C] 4.4 degree centigrade
[D] 5.6 degree centigrade
[E] 6.5 degree centigrade

Ans: – [E] 6.5 degree centigrade

• Temperature in Troposphere layer generally decreases with height. It decreases at the rate of 1 degree Celsius for every 165 m of height/6.5 degree Celsius for every 1 km, which is called Normal Lapse Rate.

• This is the most important layer of the atmosphere because all kinds of weather changes take place only in this layer. It contains dust particles and water vapour.

• The air never remains static in this layer. Various types of clouds, thunderstorms, cyclone and anticyclones occur in this sphere because of the concentration of almost all the water vapour and aerosols in it. So, this layer is called as “seat of weather phenomena” or ‘changing sphere’ or troposphere.

Q.55) Which of the following cattle breed has highest lactation length?

[A] Sahiwal
[B] Tharpakar
[C] Karan Swiss
[D] Karan Fries
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [B] Tharpakar

Q.56) First phase of white revolution/operation flood started in the year

[A] 1965
[B] 1970
[C] 1981
[D] 1985
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [B] 1970

• Operation Flood, launched on 13 January 1970, was the world’s largest dairy development program and a landmark project of India’s National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). It transformed India from a milk-deficient nation into the world’s largest milk producer, surpassing the United States of America in 1998 with about 22.29 percent of global output in 2018. ·

• Phase I (1970–1980) was financed by the sale of skimmed milk powder and butter oil donated by the European Economic Community (EEC) through the World Food Program (WFP)
• Operation Flood Phase II (1981–1985) increased the number of milk-sheds from 18 to 136; urban markets also expanded the outlets for milk to 290
• Phase III (1985–1996) enabled dairy co-operatives to expand and strengthen the infrastructure required to procure and market increasing volumes of milk

Q.57) In commercial broilers, vaccine of Raniknet disease is given at an age of _______

[A] 0 day
[B] 2 – 3 days
[C] 5 – 7 days
[D] 14 Day
[E] 25 – 28 days

Ans: – [C] 5 – 7 days

• Vaccination programme for commercial broilers
• 0 day – Marek’s disease, HVT strain, strictly sub cutaneous.
• 5 – 7 days of age- Ranikhet Disease, Lasota strain to be given by occulo-nasal method (one drop each in the eye and nostrils) or drinking water.
• 14th day – IBD or Gumboro Disease live georgia vaccine (intermediate) by eye drop or drinking water method.
• 25-28 days of age: RD lasota vaccine through drinking water

Q.58) International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) is located in

[A] India
[B] China
[C] Kenya
[D] Sri lanka
[E] Nigeria

Ans: – [C] Kenya

• The International Livestock Research Institute is an international agricultural research institute based in Nairobi, Kenya, and founded in 1994 by the merging of the International Livestock Centre for Africa and the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases.
• Headquarters location: Nairobi, Kenya
• Founded: 1994

Q.59) The term ‘Olpad’ in ‘Olpad Thresher’ is named on the name of a

[A] Scientist
[B] Farmer
[C] Village
[D] Local god
[E] None of the above

Ans: – [C] Village

• Olpad thresher: ‘Olpad’ threshers are also used for threshing wheat crop. A pair of bullocks pulls it around over the dried crop spread in a circular form on the threshing ground. Threshing is continued till the entire material becomes a homogeneous mixture of grain and ‘bhusa’ (chaff). Threshing by this thresher is fairly efficient and cheap but is quite slow with low output capacity. This machine can be used for threshing wheat, barley, gram etc.

Q.60) Which of the following cattle breed has highest lactation yield?

[A] Sahiwal
[B] Tharpakar
[C] Karan Swiss
[D] Karan Fries
[E] Hariana

Ans: – [C] Karan Swiss

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