Seed Rate Calculator – बीज दर कैलकुलेटर
Crop and state label your plan. Enter verified local rates where needed; these selections do not silently change a formula.
Crop and state seed-rate data
Select crop and state above. Unsupported combinations require your locally verified rate.
Seed Rate
Use the free AgriGuru Seed Rate Calculator to estimate how much seed to buy for your field. This guide explains seed requirement per acre and hectare, germination adjustment, crop-wise calculations and बीज दर की गणना in Hindi. Use the calculator above first, then check the assumptions below before purchasing seed.
How to use the Seed Rate Calculator
- Measure the area that will actually be sown. Exclude permanent paths, buildings and channels.
- The calculator uses hectares and kg/ha. Convert acres to hectares first (acres × 0.404686), then enter the area and locally recommended crop seed rate.
- Enter the seed rate in kg per hectare. Convert a kg/acre rate by multiplying it by 2.47105 before entering it.
- Use the result as a purchase estimate. Confirm variety, sowing method, germination and seed packet size before ordering.
Important: A calculator multiplies inputs; it cannot select the best agronomic recommendation for every farm. Use your seed label and local Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), State Agricultural University or Agriculture Department advice. Recommended rates may already allow for normal seed quality and field losses; do not apply the same allowance twice.
What is seed rate?
Seed rate is the quantity of seed sown on a unit of land, usually expressed as kg/ha or kg/acre. Total seed requirement is the amount needed for the whole field. Seed size, crop variety, target plant population, row spacing, sowing season, germination, seed purity and establishment method affect the appropriate rate.
More seed does not automatically mean more yield. Excessive plant density can increase competition, while poor establishment can leave gaps. For transplanting, nursery seed is calculated for the main-field area to be planted; it is not the same as a direct-seeded crop rate.
Seed rate formulas and unit conversions
1. Total seed from area and seed rate
Total seed (kg) = Area (ha) × Seed rate (kg/ha)
Or: Total seed (kg) = Area (acre) × Seed rate (kg/acre).
Example: 2 hectares × 100 kg/ha = 200 kg seed. At an assumed price of ₹40/kg, seed cost = 200 × 40 = ₹8,000. This price is an illustration, not a market quotation.
2. Convert acres, hectares and square metres
- 1 hectare = 10,000 square metres ≈ 2.47105 acres.
- 1 acre ≈ 4,046.8564 square metres ≈ 0.404686 hectare.
- kg/acre = kg/ha × 0.404686.
- kg/ha = kg/acre × 2.47105.
Thus 100 kg/ha ≈ 40.47 kg/acre. For 3 acres, 3 × 40.4686 ≈ 121.41 kg. Keep full precision until the final rounding. Bigha, bisi, kanal and other local units can vary by location; convert the actual locally recorded area to acres or hectares first.
3. Germination and purity adjustment
If a theoretical rate assumes 100% germination and purity: Adjusted seed = Theoretical seed ÷ [(Germination % ÷ 100) × (Purity % ÷ 100)].
Example: 20 kg at 90% germination and 98% purity gives 20 ÷ (0.90 × 0.98) = 22.68 kg. If a recommended rate was instead based on 90% germination and the actual lot is 80%, with everything else unchanged, the relative correction is recommended rate × 90/80. Do not divide that recommendation by 0.80 unless its original basis was 100%.
Laboratory germination is not identical to field emergence. Where a separate establishment factor is justified, include it once as a decimal in the denominator. Very poor seed should be replaced rather than compensated for by unlimited extra seed.
4. Seed from spacing and thousand-seed weight
Target plants/ha = 10,000 ÷ [Row spacing (m) × Plant spacing (m)], assuming one established plant per position. Theoretical seed (kg/ha) = Target plants/ha × Thousand-seed weight (g) ÷ 1,000,000. Then adjust for the relevant germination and establishment assumptions.
Illustration: 0.60 m × 0.20 m spacing gives about 83,333 positions/ha. With an assumed thousand-seed weight of 250 g, theoretical seed = 20.83 kg/ha. At an assumed 90% combined establishment, requirement ≈ 23.15 kg/ha. These are calculation inputs, not a universal maize spacing recommendation.
Crop-wise seed requirement examples
The following table shows arithmetic using clearly stated rates. Only the wheat and named maize examples refer to the linked TNAU guidance; other rows use assumed rates for practice. They are not blanket recommendations for India. Choose the correct local rate before calculating.
| Crop and basis | Example rate | Field area | Total seed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wheat: TNAU example | 100 kg/ha | 2 ha | 200 kg |
| Maize: TNAU CO 1 / Hybrid CO 6 example | 20 kg/ha | 3 acres = 1.21406 ha | 24.28 kg |
| Rice: assumed direct-sowing input | 40 kg/ha | 1.5 ha | 60 kg |
| Chickpea / gram: assumed input | 75 kg/ha | 0.8 ha | 60 kg |
| Soybean: assumed input | 70 kg/ha | 2.5 ha | 175 kg |
| Groundnut: assumed kernel input | 120 kg/ha | 0.5 ha | 60 kg kernels |
| Mustard: assumed input | 5 kg/ha | 4 acres = 1.61874 ha | 8.09 kg |
Wheat: Check timely versus late sowing, seed size and drill calibration. Maize: Confirm hybrid, grain versus fodder or baby-corn purpose, seed count and recommended population. Rice: Direct seeding, conventional nursery transplanting and SRI require different calculations. Groundnut: Distinguish shelled kernels from unshelled pods; pod weight cannot be used as kernel weight without a shelling conversion. Pulses and oilseeds: Variety, seed size and line sowing method matter.
State-wise seed planning guidance
State names alone do not determine a seed rate. The following is a checklist of what to confirm locally, not a state notification or fixed rate schedule. Within the same state, districts, rainfall zones and irrigation systems differ.
| State / region | What to verify before selecting a rate |
|---|---|
| Punjab and Haryana | For wheat and rice, identify sowing date, drill or residue-management equipment, and direct seeding versus transplanting. |
| Uttar Pradesh and Bihar | Check timely or delayed wheat sowing, irrigation availability and rice establishment method with the district KVK. |
| Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh | Distinguish hills from plains, measure the actual sown terrace area and confirm local land-unit conversions. |
| Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh | For soybean, chickpea or rice, check seed-lot germination, variety, sowing window and available soil moisture. |
| Rajasthan and Gujarat | For mustard, millets and groundnut, confirm rainfed versus irrigated conditions, variety and spacing. |
| Maharashtra and Telangana | Check rainfed or irrigated establishment, crop purpose and hybrid seed count for soybean, sorghum, cotton or maize. |
| Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh | For maize, pulses, rice or groundnut, match the seed recommendation to the season, variety and sowing system. |
| Tamil Nadu and Kerala | Consult the state crop production guide for the specific rice, maize or pulse variety and planting method. |
| West Bengal, Odisha and Assam | For rice, distinguish nursery and direct-sown requirements and account for the actual field establishment conditions. |
| Jharkhand and other northeastern states | Confirm upland versus lowland conditions, local variety, moisture and net cultivated area with the local extension service. |
बीज दर कैलकुलेटर: हिंदी में आसान समझ
बीज दर का अर्थ है एक निश्चित क्षेत्र में बुवाई के लिए आवश्यक बीज की मात्रा। इसे सामान्यतः किलोग्राम प्रति हेक्टेयर या किलोग्राम प्रति एकड़ में बताया जाता है। पूरे खेत के लिए बीज निकालते समय क्षेत्रफल और बीज दर की इकाई एक जैसी रखें।
कुल बीज = खेत का क्षेत्रफल × अनुशंसित बीज दर। उदाहरण: यदि आपके खेत का क्षेत्रफल 2 हेक्टेयर है और स्थानीय अनुशंसा 100 किलो प्रति हेक्टेयर है, तो 2 × 100 = 200 किलो बीज चाहिए।
एक एकड़ में कितना बीज लगेगा? किलो/हेक्टेयर की दर को 0.404686 से गुणा करें। उदाहरण: 100 किलो/हेक्टेयर लगभग 40.47 किलो/एकड़ है। यदि दर पहले से किलो/एकड़ में दी गई है, तो दोबारा परिवर्तन न करें।
अंकुरण कम होने पर: पहले यह देखें कि अनुशंसित दर किस अंकुरण प्रतिशत पर आधारित है। पहले से शामिल नुकसान का समायोजन दोबारा न करें। बीज के पैकेट पर अंकुरण, शुद्धता, किस्म और बुवाई की जानकारी पढ़ें।
ध्यान रखें: बीघा का आकार हर जगह समान नहीं होता। अपने क्षेत्र का सही माप लेकर एकड़ या हेक्टेयर में बदलें। धान की नर्सरी, सीधी बुवाई और रोपाई की बीज जरूरत अलग होती है। अंतिम बीज दर के लिए कृषि विज्ञान केंद्र या स्थानीय कृषि अधिकारी की सलाह लें।
Before buying and sowing seed
- Match crop, variety and season to the seed label and local recommendation.
- Check the seed lot’s germination, purity, test details and storage condition.
- Calibrate the seed drill; check row spacing, delivery and sowing depth.
- Round the final purchase quantity to practical packet sizes only after calculating the field requirement.
- Keep seed cost separate from treatment, transport, labour and sowing charges.
- Do not sow the entire purchased surplus merely because packets were rounded up.
Seed Rate Calculator FAQs
How do I calculate seed for one acre?
Multiply the recommended kg/ha rate by 0.404686, or use a locally recommended kg/acre rate directly. At 100 kg/ha, one acre needs about 40.47 kg before any separately justified adjustment.
Is the calculator free?
You can use the Seed Rate Calculator on this page without purchasing an ebook. Review its output together with the crop and unit assumptions.
Is seed rate the same for every variety?
No. Seed size, hybrid or variety, target plant density and establishment method can change the required weight. Two seed lots with different thousand-seed weights may need different kilograms for the same seed count.
Can I use the same rate for direct-seeded and transplanted rice?
No. Direct seeding and nursery production for transplanting have different seed requirements. Confirm whether a recommendation is expressed per hectare of main field or nursery area.
Should I always add 10% extra seed?
No. An automatic allowance can duplicate losses already included in the recommended rate. Use a justified adjustment and round purchase packets separately.
How is seed cost calculated?
Seed cost = total kilograms × price per kilogram. If seed is sold per packet or by seed count, convert using the packet information and round up to whole packets as needed.
Can this calculator guarantee yield?
No. It estimates quantity from inputs. Weather, soil, variety, irrigation, crop management and field emergence also affect the final crop.
बीघा के लिए बीज कैसे निकालें?
अपने क्षेत्र में एक बीघा का सही क्षेत्रफल पता करें। उसे एकड़ या हेक्टेयर में बदलकर उसी इकाई की बीज दर से गुणा करें। दूसरे राज्य के बीघा माप का उपयोग न करें।
More from AgriGuru
Visit the free agriculture tools and farm calculators for related calculations, or explore the Mushroom Farming Ebook in English and Hindi for a separate farming learning resource. Use the seed calculation formulas and हिंदी बीज दर गाइड above when checking your field plan.
Sources and how to use them
The wheat example uses TNAU wheat crop management guidance (100 kg/ha). The named maize example uses TNAU irrigated maize seed and sowing guidance (20 kg/ha for the specified entries). These are context-specific extension references, not recommendations for every state. Check the latest local package of practices before sowing. Other example rates on this page are assumed solely to demonstrate calculations.
